{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293084212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-3-58-2022","title":"The use of high-resolution photogrammetry for the survey and analysis of rock-climbing walls","display_name":"The use of high-resolution photogrammetry for the survey and analysis of rock-climbing walls","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293084212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-3-58-2022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/agile-giss-3-58-2022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-3-58-2022","pdf_url":"https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/3/58/2022/agile-giss-3-58-2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203054","display_name":"AGILE GIScience Series","issn_l":"2700-8150","issn":["2700-8150"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AGILE: GIScience Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/3/58/2022/agile-giss-3-58-2022.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025752881","display_name":"Stefan Ruess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5257-8742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127953","display_name":"Carinthia University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/036w00e23","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127953"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Ruess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spatial Information Management, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spatial Information Management, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081480397","display_name":"Gernot Paulus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-6912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127953","display_name":"Carinthia University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/036w00e23","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127953"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gernot Paulus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spatial Information Management, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spatial Information Management, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127953"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026496115","display_name":"Karl\u2013Heinrich Anders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1168-4060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127953","display_name":"Carinthia University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/036w00e23","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127953"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl-Heinrich Anders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spatial Information Management, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spatial Information Management, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127953"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025752881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127953"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15255178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12983","display_name":"Satellite Image Processing and Photogrammetry","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"Photogrammetry","score":0.8850154876708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climbing","display_name":"Climbing","score":0.8661544919013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.763080358505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthophoto","display_name":"Orthophoto","score":0.7462342977523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.705318808555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5044254064559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.49424079060554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.4347200095653534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.43157365918159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4173589050769806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4023735523223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36116868257522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3596305251121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3405817747116089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21872103214263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.15165099501609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.11817768216133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09393265843391418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.8850154876708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95038775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22857","display_name":"Climbing","level":2,"score":0.8661544919013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.763080358505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922585","display_name":"Orthophoto","level":2,"score":0.7462342977523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.705318808555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5044254064559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.49424079060554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.4347200095653534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43157365918159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4173589050769806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4023735523223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36116868257522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3596305251121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3405817747116089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21872103214263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.15165099501609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.11817768216133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09393265843391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/agile-giss-3-58-2022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-3-58-2022","pdf_url":"https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/3/58/2022/agile-giss-3-58-2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203054","display_name":"AGILE GIScience Series","issn_l":"2700-8150","issn":["2700-8150"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AGILE: GIScience Series","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/agile-giss-3-58-2022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-3-58-2022","pdf_url":"https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/3/58/2022/agile-giss-3-58-2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203054","display_name":"AGILE GIScience Series","issn_l":"2700-8150","issn":["2700-8150"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AGILE: GIScience Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293084212.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293084212.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W955976470","https://openalex.org/W2921555134","https://openalex.org/W4247970283","https://openalex.org/W4301353258","https://openalex.org/W6945868680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2604358702","https://openalex.org/W1522351476","https://openalex.org/W4318826102","https://openalex.org/W3106935351","https://openalex.org/W2373739385","https://openalex.org/W2089567247","https://openalex.org/W2938237871","https://openalex.org/W4293084212","https://openalex.org/W1998540072","https://openalex.org/W2577476128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"In":[1,70,238],"climbing,":[2],"the":[3,35,73,134,150,154,166,170,181,199,211,220,227,231,241,253,259,262,273,279,287],"routes":[4,29,189],"that":[5,101,202,251],"lead":[6],"through":[7,34],"a":[8,32,39,47,109,144,173,204,266,269,283],"wall":[9],"are":[10,60,102,194,214,226],"mainly":[11],"represented":[12],"in":[13,119,162,207],"two-dimensional":[14],"maps.":[15],"These":[16],"climbing":[17,175,188,212,292],"maps,":[18],"also":[19],"called":[20],"\"topos,\"":[21],"help":[22],"climbers":[23,217],"and":[24,30,65,79,131,147,169,230,272],"alpinists":[25],"to":[26,97,104,142,179,218,268],"plan":[27],"their":[28],"find":[31],"way":[33],"complex":[36],"structures":[37],"of":[38,115,133,153,187,234,261,265,281],"vertical":[40,145],"or":[41],"partially":[42],"overhanging":[43],"rock":[44,84,146,200,236],"face.":[45],"Today,":[46],"trend":[48],"towards":[49],"more":[50],"realistic":[51],"visualization":[52,78,186],"techniques":[53],"can":[54,190],"be":[55,191],"seen,":[56],"where":[57],"3D":[58,77,121,129,174,242],"representations":[59],"used":[61,103],"for":[62,216],"different":[63,235,248],"geometric":[64],"topographic":[66],"features":[67,197],"(Kolecka,":[68],"2012).":[69],"this":[71,163,239],"paper":[72],"focus":[74],"is":[75,139,160,177,245,258,278,295],"on":[76],"high-resolution":[80],"data":[81,92,167],"capturing":[82],"at":[83],"walls.":[85],"Unmanned":[86],"Aerial":[87],"System":[88],"(UAS)":[89],"-":[90],"based":[91],"collection":[93,168],"has":[94],"been":[95],"conducted":[96],"collect":[98],"digital":[99,116,124],"images":[100],"generate":[105],"various":[106],"outputs":[107,155],"using":[108],"photogrammetry":[110],"workflow.":[111],"The":[112],"photogrammetric":[113,171],"processing":[114],"imagery":[117],"results":[118],"dense":[120],"point":[122,243,264],"clouds,":[123],"surface":[125],"models":[126,130],"(DSM),":[127],"textured":[128],"orthophotos":[132],"test":[135],"sites.":[136],"How":[137],"accurately":[138],"it":[140],"possible":[141],"survey":[143],"how":[148],"high":[149],"spatial":[151],"resolution":[152],"will":[156],"end":[157],"up":[158],"being":[159],"answered":[161],"paper.":[164],"After":[165],"processing,":[172],"guide":[176],"created":[178],"answer":[180],"question":[182],"if":[183],"an":[184,290],"enhanced":[185],"achieved.":[192],"There":[193],"certain":[195],"morphological":[196],"within":[198],"face":[201],"play":[203],"major":[205],"role":[206],"climbing.":[208],"For":[209],"one,":[210],"holds":[213],"important":[215,224],"continue":[219],"movement":[221],"upwards.":[222],"Other":[223],"factors":[225],"dip":[228,232,255,275],"angle":[229,256,260],"direction":[233,276],"facets.":[237],"thesis":[240],"cloud":[244],"clustered":[246],"into":[247],"sized":[249],"facets,":[250],"share":[252],"same":[254,274],"which":[257,277],"center":[263],"cluster":[267],"horizontal":[270],"plane":[271],"orientation":[280],"such":[282],"facet(Thanh,":[284],"2008).":[285],"Using":[286],"analysis":[288],"results,":[289],"automated":[291],"route":[293],"construction":[294],"performed.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
