{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043728279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-1-15-2020","title":"Comparing supervised learning algorithms for Spatial Nominal Entity recognition","display_name":"Comparing supervised learning algorithms for Spatial Nominal Entity recognition","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043728279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-1-15-2020","mag":"3043728279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/agile-giss-1-15-2020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-1-15-2020","pdf_url":"https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/1/15/2020/agile-giss-1-15-2020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203054","display_name":"AGILE GIScience Series","issn_l":"2700-8150","issn":["2700-8150"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AGILE: GIScience Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/1/15/2020/agile-giss-1-15-2020.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074933151","display_name":"Amine Medad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144889574","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour","ror":"https://ror.org/01frn9647","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144889574"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amine Medad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pau University (UPPA), LMAP, UMR 5142 Pau, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pau University (UPPA), LMAP, UMR 5142 Pau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144889574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079867309","display_name":"Mauro Gaio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8041-4240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144889574","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour","ror":"https://ror.org/01frn9647","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144889574"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Gaio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pau University (UPPA), LMAP, UMR 5142 Pau, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pau University (UPPA), LMAP, UMR 5142 Pau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144889574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032811589","display_name":"Ludovic Moncla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1590-9546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155607","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique en Images et Syst\u00e8mes d'Information","ror":"https://ror.org/04dv4he91","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I188626449","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I4210155607","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48430043","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/050jn9y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludovic Moncla","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSA Lyon, LIRIS UMR 5205, Lyon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSA Lyon, LIRIS UMR 5205, Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48430043","https://openalex.org/I4210155607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028389908","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Musti\u00e8re","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0272-3320"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9bastien Musti\u00e8re","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Paris-Est, LASTIG IGN, Saint-Mand\u00e9, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Paris-Est, LASTIG IGN, Saint-Mand\u00e9, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077111246","display_name":"Yannick Le Nir","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yannick Le Nir","raw_affiliation_strings":["EISTI, Pau, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EISTI, Pau, France","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074933151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144889574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9519,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81103463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8075498342514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7170140147209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6961344480514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6136008501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5701925158500671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5534428358078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5377601981163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.469287246465683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4520031809806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.42044389247894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.41811418533325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.4157659113407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4146476984024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.27596014738082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13762331008911133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8075498342514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7170140147209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6961344480514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6136008501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5701925158500671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5534428358078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5377601981163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.469287246465683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4520031809806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.42044389247894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.41811418533325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.4157659113407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4146476984024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.27596014738082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13762331008911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/agile-giss-1-15-2020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-1-15-2020","pdf_url":"https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/1/15/2020/agile-giss-1-15-2020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203054","display_name":"AGILE GIScience Series","issn_l":"2700-8150","issn":["2700-8150"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AGILE: GIScience Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03643139v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03643139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AGILE: GIScience Series, 2020, 1, pp.1 - 18. ⟨10.5194/agile-giss-1-15-2020⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/agile-giss-1-15-2020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-1-15-2020","pdf_url":"https://agile-giss.copernicus.org/articles/1/15/2020/agile-giss-1-15-2020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203054","display_name":"AGILE GIScience Series","issn_l":"2700-8150","issn":["2700-8150"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AGILE: GIScience Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3043728279.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3043728279.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181115465","https://openalex.org/W395954396","https://openalex.org/W1575299154","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W2003094793","https://openalex.org/W2026147653","https://openalex.org/W2056451646","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2084341220","https://openalex.org/W2088818577","https://openalex.org/W2091812280","https://openalex.org/W2096765155","https://openalex.org/W2108564850","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2130903762","https://openalex.org/W2131462252","https://openalex.org/W2138208403","https://openalex.org/W2140679639","https://openalex.org/W2141110637","https://openalex.org/W2158139315","https://openalex.org/W2158899491","https://openalex.org/W2168681026","https://openalex.org/W2251599843","https://openalex.org/W2256323257","https://openalex.org/W2270701390","https://openalex.org/W2296283641","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2505990019","https://openalex.org/W2517194566","https://openalex.org/W2536583325","https://openalex.org/W2587019100","https://openalex.org/W2612649659","https://openalex.org/W2770260627","https://openalex.org/W2806882588","https://openalex.org/W2884974267","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2909828422","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W2962718483","https://openalex.org/W2963168538","https://openalex.org/W2963769536","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2971447442","https://openalex.org/W3032532958","https://openalex.org/W4237224484","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4240039898","https://openalex.org/W4244777963","https://openalex.org/W4297801177","https://openalex.org/W4403246231","https://openalex.org/W6600719526","https://openalex.org/W6602670149","https://openalex.org/W6605172505","https://openalex.org/W6704017408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2353179089","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2923538289","https://openalex.org/W2353125546","https://openalex.org/W1516679419","https://openalex.org/W190396239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Discourse":[1],"may":[2],"contain":[3],"both":[4],"named":[5,56,72,87],"and":[6,53,57,75,84,95,110,148],"nominal":[7,13,58,100,123,195],"entities.":[8,88,101,124,196],"Most":[9],"common":[10],"nouns":[11],"or":[12,160],"mentions":[14],"in":[15,43,114,168,188],"natural":[16,44],"language":[17,45],"do":[18],"not":[19],"have":[20,155,185],"a":[21,27,41,118],"single,":[22],"simple":[23],"meaning":[24],"but":[25],"rather":[26],"number":[28],"of":[29,34,40,55,86,98,106,162,174,178,190,203,206,222],"related":[30],"meanings.":[31],"This":[32,89],"form":[33],"ambiguity":[35],"led":[36],"to":[37,70,116,120,192,209,218],"the":[38,81,93,96,104,175,182,201,204,207,211,220],"development":[39],"task":[42],"processing":[46],"known":[47],"as":[48],"Word":[49,65],"Sense":[50,66],"Disambiguation.":[51],"Recognition":[52],"categorisation":[54,76,83],"entities":[59],"is":[60,216],"an":[61],"essential":[62],"step":[63],"for":[64,158],"Disambiguation":[67],"methods.":[68],"Up":[69],"now,":[71],"entity":[73],"recognition":[74],"systems":[77],"mainly":[78],"focused":[79],"on":[80,92,139],"annotation,":[82],"identification":[85,97],"paper":[90],"focuses":[91],"annotation":[94],"spatial":[99,122,194],"We":[102],"explore":[103],"combination":[105],"Transfer":[107],"Learning":[108],"principle":[109,215],"supervised":[111,129],"learning":[112,130],"algorithms,":[113],"order":[115],"build":[117],"system":[119],"detect":[121,193],"For":[125],"this":[126],"purpose,":[127],"different":[128,136],"algorithms":[131,154,184],"are":[132],"evaluated":[133],"with":[134],"three":[135],"context":[137],"sizes":[138],"two":[140],"manually":[141],"annotated":[142],"datasets":[143],"built":[144],"from":[145],"Wikipedia":[146],"articles":[147],"hiking":[149],"description":[150],"texts.":[151],"The":[152,172,197],"studied":[153],"been":[156],"selected":[157,183],"one":[159],"more":[161],"their":[163],"specific":[164],"properties":[165],"potentially":[166],"useful":[167],"solving":[169],"our":[170],"problem.":[171],"results":[173],"first":[176],"phase":[177],"experiments":[179],"reveal":[180],"that":[181],"similar":[186],"performances":[187],"terms":[189],"ability":[191],"study":[198],"also":[199],"confirms":[200],"importance":[202],"size":[205],"window":[208],"describe":[210],"context,":[212],"when":[213],"word-embedding":[214],"used":[217],"represent":[219],"semantics":[221],"each":[223],"word.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}