{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1590168431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5075/epfl-thesis-5233","title":"Open-Ended Learning of Visual and Multi-Modal Patterns","display_name":"Open-Ended Learning of Visual and Multi-Modal Patterns","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1590168431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5075/epfl-thesis-5233","mag":"1590168431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:169610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/71728","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/169610/files/EPFL_TH5233.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doctoral thesis"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/169610/files/EPFL_TH5233.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100518511","display_name":"Jie Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luo, Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100518511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7459208965301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-kernel-learning","display_name":"Multiple kernel learning","score":0.6015293002128601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5653978586196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.555668830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-machine-learning","display_name":"Online machine learning","score":0.533150851726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.42308834195137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4186437726020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.4148472249507904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.3333005905151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.31991517543792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.3147801458835602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12244352698326111}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7459208965301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776879701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25048660","display_name":"Multiple kernel learning","level":4,"score":0.6015293002128601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5653978586196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.555668830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094097","display_name":"Online machine learning","level":3,"score":0.533150851726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.42308834195137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4186437726020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.4148472249507904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.3333005905151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.31991517543792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.3147801458835602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12244352698326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:169610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/71728","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/169610/files/EPFL_TH5233.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doctoral thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:169610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/169610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:192508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/192508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-5233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5075/epfl-thesis-5233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400488","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:1590168431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/169610","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:169610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/71728","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/169610/files/EPFL_TH5233.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doctoral thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1590168431.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1590168431.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":129,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512098439","https://openalex.org/W1534150364","https://openalex.org/W1540155273","https://openalex.org/W1540586255","https://openalex.org/W1560724230","https://openalex.org/W1563088657","https://openalex.org/W1570963478","https://openalex.org/W1576445103","https://openalex.org/W1576520375","https://openalex.org/W1583497301","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1722318740","https://openalex.org/W1772512662","https://openalex.org/W1944448017","https://openalex.org/W1966418221","https://openalex.org/W1969048569","https://openalex.org/W1969090956","https://openalex.org/W1986651439","https://openalex.org/W1992454046","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2009647132","https://openalex.org/W2022699039","https://openalex.org/W2030811966","https://openalex.org/W2031823405","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2046394129","https://openalex.org/W2048041841","https://openalex.org/W2066690519","https://openalex.org/W2075728230","https://openalex.org/W2080171500","https://openalex.org/W2092423930","https://openalex.org/W2096199223","https://openalex.org/W2098027503","https://openalex.org/W2098411764","https://openalex.org/W2100500227","https://openalex.org/W2101087512","https://openalex.org/W2101294471","https://openalex.org/W2101675205","https://openalex.org/W2101711932","https://openalex.org/W2103519186","https://openalex.org/W2104126266","https://openalex.org/W2105842272","https://openalex.org/W2106129230","https://openalex.org/W2106503792","https://openalex.org/W2106848050","https://openalex.org/W2107558380","https://openalex.org/W2108014077","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2108745803","https://openalex.org/W2109339818","https://openalex.org/W2110119381","https://openalex.org/W2110163763","https://openalex.org/W2111478152","https://openalex.org/W2111727091","https://openalex.org/W2112074816","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2115733720","https://openalex.org/W2117892041","https://openalex.org/W2118075434","https://openalex.org/W2118440833","https://openalex.org/W2119522830","https://openalex.org/W2120137102","https://openalex.org/W2120354757","https://openalex.org/W2121033924","https://openalex.org/W2121625657","https://openalex.org/W2122156965","https://openalex.org/W2122528955","https://openalex.org/W2122808326","https://openalex.org/W2122922389","https://openalex.org/W2123261262","https://openalex.org/W2123893147","https://openalex.org/W2125660019","https://openalex.org/W2125993116","https://openalex.org/W2128035438","https://openalex.org/W2130477805","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2132333011","https://openalex.org/W2132440659","https://openalex.org/W2134270519","https://openalex.org/W2135533176","https://openalex.org/W2136504847","https://openalex.org/W2137471889","https://openalex.org/W2139759436","https://openalex.org/W2142863987","https://openalex.org/W2144372981","https://openalex.org/W2144502914","https://openalex.org/W2145295623","https://openalex.org/W2145630740","https://openalex.org/W2146022472","https://openalex.org/W2147196093","https://openalex.org/W2147898188","https://openalex.org/W2148687775","https://openalex.org/W2149676790","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2153603270","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154393852","https://openalex.org/W2154462399","https://openalex.org/W2154683974","https://openalex.org/W2157791002","https://openalex.org/W2158001550","https://openalex.org/W2159746348","https://openalex.org/W2160039895","https://openalex.org/W2160218441","https://openalex.org/W2162258956","https://openalex.org/W2162867699","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2163828439","https://openalex.org/W2163903076","https://openalex.org/W2164301055","https://openalex.org/W2164535072","https://openalex.org/W2165417234","https://openalex.org/W2166765763","https://openalex.org/W2167917621","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2169177311","https://openalex.org/W2171566706","https://openalex.org/W2172043283","https://openalex.org/W2215815030","https://openalex.org/W2251133682","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2429914308","https://openalex.org/W2534114659","https://openalex.org/W2541843346","https://openalex.org/W3035219538","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3145128584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2429093498","https://openalex.org/W2602480929","https://openalex.org/W2117729721","https://openalex.org/W2951324921","https://openalex.org/W2895826831","https://openalex.org/W2499981259","https://openalex.org/W2933555609","https://openalex.org/W2980742310","https://openalex.org/W2072942628","https://openalex.org/W2218417636","https://openalex.org/W76463049","https://openalex.org/W2082624265","https://openalex.org/W1902813296","https://openalex.org/W2242427765","https://openalex.org/W2725245351","https://openalex.org/W2787675957","https://openalex.org/W2059819120","https://openalex.org/W2613904321","https://openalex.org/W3015127654","https://openalex.org/W2608203016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"common":[1],"trend":[2],"in":[3,18,24,143,220,283,343],"machine":[4],"learning":[5,28,77,130,155,363,388],"and":[6,38,82,92,95,157,184,257,376],"pattern":[7],"classification":[8,330],"research":[9,115],"is":[10,133,179,300,313,324,359],"the":[11,36,97,105,114,139,144,159,163,170,185,188,200,215,221,234,268,287,352,355,361,381,399],"exploitation":[12],"of":[13,16,32,51,71,85,101,162,237,240,260,289,294,349,354,385],"massive":[14],"amounts":[15],"information":[17,74,279],"order":[19,259,284],"to":[20,48,75,112,119,213,232,277,285,303,326,397],"achieve":[21,249],"an":[22,301,344],"increase":[23],"performance.":[25,400],"In":[26,64,104,267],"particular,":[27],"from":[29,35,43,305,332,335,351,370],"huge":[30],"collections":[31],"data":[33,311,333,394],"obtained":[34],"web,":[37],"using":[39,72],"multiple":[40,122],"features":[41],"generated":[42],"different":[44,281],"sources,":[45,282],"have":[46,56,204,242],"led":[47],"significantly":[49],"boost":[50,398],"performance":[52,81,251],"on":[53,117,138,252,275],"problems":[54],"that":[55,322],"been":[57],"considered":[58],"very":[59,391],"hard":[60],"for":[61,225],"several":[62,110,253],"years.":[63],"this":[65,102],"thesis,":[66],"we":[67,108],"present":[68,126,272],"two":[69,98,206,230,273],"ways":[70,88],"these":[73],"build":[76],"systems":[78],"with":[79,152,315],"robust":[80],"some":[83],"degrees":[84],"autonomy.":[86],"These":[87,247],"are":[89,258,395],"Cue":[90,93],"Integration":[91],"Exploitation,":[94],"constitute":[96],"building":[99],"blocks":[100],"thesis.":[103],"first":[106,125,222,298],"block,":[107,270],"introduce":[109],"algorithms":[111,164,231],"answer":[113],"question":[116],"how":[118,276],"integrate":[120],"optimally":[121],"features.":[123],"We":[124,167,203,227,271,320],"a":[127,134,182,194,243,291,316,328,386],"simple":[128],"online":[129,154,223],"framework":[131],"which":[132],"wrapper":[135],"algorithm":[136,302],"based":[137],"high-level":[140],"integration":[141,146,190],"approach":[142],"cue":[145,189],"literature.":[147],"It":[148],"can":[149],"be":[150],"implemented":[151],"existing":[153,368],"algorithms,":[156],"preserves":[158],"theoretical":[160],"properties":[161],"being":[165],"used.":[166],"then":[168],"extend":[169],"Multiple":[171],"Kernel":[172],"Learning":[173],"(MKL)":[174],"framework,":[175],"where":[176,309,390],"each":[177,310],"feature":[178],"converted":[180],"into":[181],"kernel":[183],"system":[186,331,366],"learns":[187],"classifier":[191],"by":[192],"solving":[193],"joint":[195],"optimization":[196],"problem.":[197],"To":[198],"make":[199],"problem":[201,216,236],"practical,":[202],"designed":[205],"new":[207,382,387],"regularization":[208],"functions":[209],"making":[210],"it":[211,323],"possible":[212,318,325,347],"optimize":[214],"efficiently.":[217],"This":[218],"results":[219],"method":[224],"MKL.":[226,238],"also":[228],"show":[229,321],"solve":[233],"batch":[235],"Both":[239],"them":[241],"guaranteed":[244],"convergence":[245],"rate.":[246],"approaches":[248],"state-of-the-art":[250],"standard":[254],"benchmark":[255],"datasets,":[256],"magnitude":[261],"faster":[262],"than":[263],"other":[264],"MKL":[265],"solvers.":[266],"second":[269],"examples":[274],"exploit":[278],"between":[280],"reduce":[286],"effort":[288],"labeling":[290],"large":[292],"amount":[293],"training":[295],"data.":[296],"The":[297,365],"example":[299,358],"learn":[304],"partially":[306],"annotated":[307],"data,":[308],"point":[312],"tagged":[314],"few":[317,392],"labels.":[319],"train":[327],"face":[329],"gathered":[334],"Internet,":[336],"without":[337],"any":[338],"human":[339],"labeling,":[340],"but":[341],"generating":[342],"automatic":[345],"way":[346],"lists":[348],"labels":[350],"captions":[353],"images.":[356],"Another":[357],"under":[360],"transfer":[362],"setting.":[364],"uses":[367],"models":[369],"potentially":[371],"correlated":[372],"tasks":[373],"as":[374],"experts,":[375],"transfers":[377],"their":[378],"outputs":[379],"over":[380],"incoming":[383],"samples,":[384],"task":[389],"labeled":[393],"available,":[396]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}