{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7171556320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.22693","title":"Detecting Hallucinated and Suspicious Citations: What Current Tools Can and Cannot Do","display_name":"Detecting Hallucinated and Suspicious Citations: What Current Tools Can and Cannot Do","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7171556320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.22693"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.22693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.22693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.22693","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114556794","display_name":"Fidan Badalova","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Badalova, Fidan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143854046","display_name":"Philipp Mayr","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayr, Philipp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.23080000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.23080000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.06989999860525131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.06069999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucinating","display_name":"Hallucinating","score":0.989300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position-paper","display_name":"Position paper","score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.2709999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911011789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130741","display_name":"Hallucinating","level":2,"score":0.989300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781083858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17327049","display_name":"Scientific literature","level":2,"score":0.2459000051021576}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.22693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.22693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.22693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.22693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.818300187587738,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"are":[3,134],"increasingly":[4,32],"used":[5],"in":[6,34,89],"academic":[7],"writing,":[8],"including":[9],"for":[10,59,123],"reference":[11,97],"generation,":[12],"raising":[13],"concerns":[14],"about":[15],"hallucinated":[16,51,66,112],"and":[17,29,38,53,79,105,113,120,126,130],"unreliable":[18],"citations.":[19,67],"Recent":[20],"research":[21],"suggests":[22],"that":[23,111,127],"this":[24,43],"problem":[25,122],"is":[26,30,94],"already":[27],"widespread":[28],"becoming":[31],"prevalent":[33],"the":[35],"published":[36],"literature":[37],"at":[39],"scientific":[40,124],"conferences.":[41],"In":[42],"position":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46],"review":[47],"recent":[48],"studies":[49],"on":[50],"references":[52,62,115],"evaluate":[54],"several":[55],"currently":[56],"available":[57],"tools":[58,69],"detecting":[60],"problematic":[61],"using":[63],"documents":[64],"containing":[65],"The":[68],"assessed":[70],"include":[71],"CheckIfExist,":[72],"HalluCiteChecker,":[73],"Hallucinator,":[74],"Hallucinated":[75],"Reference":[76],"Finder":[77],"(HalRef),":[78],"RefChecker.":[80],"While":[81],"these":[82],"systems":[83,133],"can":[84],"provide":[85],"useful":[86],"early":[87],"warnings":[88],"many":[90],"cases,":[91],"their":[92],"performance":[93],"limited":[95,102],"by":[96],"extraction":[98],"errors,":[99],"incomplete":[100],"metadata,":[101],"database":[103],"coverage,":[104],"inconsistent":[106],"verification":[107],"results.":[108],"We":[109],"argue":[110],"suspicious":[114],"have":[116],"become":[117],"a":[118],"real":[119],"growing":[121],"communication,":[125],"more":[128],"transparent":[129],"multi-source":[131],"detection":[132],"still":[135],"needed.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2026-07-29T00:00:00"}
