{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7170631286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.20946","title":"From a Word-Level Dictionary to Sentence-Level Semantics: Multilingual Grievance Labelling with Contextual Models","display_name":"From a Word-Level Dictionary to Sentence-Level Semantics: Multilingual Grievance Labelling with Contextual Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7170631286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.20946"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.20946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.20946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.20946","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143602678","display_name":"Lin Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian, Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143547319","display_name":"Marian-Andrei Rizoiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizoiu, Marian-Andrei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.18639999628067017,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.18639999628067017,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.15379999577999115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.09279999881982803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.7894999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grievance","display_name":"Grievance","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5565999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.46720001101493835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.7894999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6983000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777483011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042652","display_name":"Grievance","level":2,"score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6478000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6018000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5565999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.46720001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.260699987411499}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.20946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.20946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.20946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.20946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4404263198375702,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grievance":[0,31],"is":[1,16,41,54,109,171,199],"one":[2],"of":[3,13,118],"the":[4,30,70,83,102,114,130,157,162,169,184,205,215],"warning":[5],"signs":[6],"analysts":[7],"look":[8],"for":[9],"when":[10,211],"assessing":[11],"threats":[12],"violence.":[14],"It":[15],"increasingly":[17],"measured":[18,200],"at":[19,226],"scale":[20],"from":[21,179],"online":[22],"text,":[23],"most":[24,167],"often":[25,64],"with":[26,69,82,138,183],"word-level":[27],"lexicons":[28,61],"like":[29],"Dictionary":[32],"that":[33,146,197],"score":[34,78],"by":[35,101,126,203],"matching":[36,40,137],"weighted":[37],"terms.":[38],"Such":[39],"a":[42,52,76,89,122,143],"fast":[43],"and":[44,150,190,208,224],"transparent":[45],"proxy,":[46],"but":[47,134],"it":[48],"cannot":[49],"resolve":[50],"whether":[51],"term":[53,136],"asserted,":[55],"quoted,":[56,188],"negated,":[57],"or":[58],"condemned.":[59],"These":[60],"are":[62],"also":[63],"evaluated":[65,141],"on":[66,142,176,187,213],"pools":[67],"enriched":[68],"very":[71],"examples":[72],"they":[73],"retrieve,":[74],"so":[75,113],"high":[77],"partly":[79],"reflects":[80],"agreement":[81],"lexicon's":[84,115],"own":[85],"selection":[86],"rule.":[87],"Examining":[88],"five-language,":[90],"2{,}000-item":[91],"evaluation":[92],"pool,":[93],"we":[94],"find":[95],"its":[96],"halves":[97],"separated":[98],"almost":[99],"perfectly":[100],"lexicon":[103,170,216],"itself:":[104],"every":[105],"item":[106],"labeled":[107],"``random''":[108],"in":[110],"fact":[111],"lexicon-negative,":[112],"apparent":[116],"macro-AUROC":[117],"0.686":[119],"collapses":[120],"to":[121,181],"0.500":[123],"floor":[124],"fixed":[125],"construction.":[127],"We":[128,220],"keep":[129],"dictionary's":[131],"22-construct":[132],"ontology":[133],"replace":[135],"context-reading":[139],"models,":[140],"non-circular":[144],"benchmark":[145,225],"separates":[147],"unconditional-random,":[148],"lexicon-positive,":[149],"lexicon-negative":[151,177],"strata":[152],"across":[153],"five":[154],"languages.":[155],"Reading":[156],"full":[158],"post":[159],"rather":[160],"than":[161],"target":[163],"sentence":[164],"alone":[165],"helps":[166],"where":[168],"silent,":[172],"raising":[173],"average":[174],"precision":[175],"text":[178,214],"0.14":[180],"0.20,":[182],"largest":[185],"gains":[186],"implicit,":[189],"cross-sentence":[191],"grievance.":[192],"Together,":[193],"these":[194],"results":[195],"show":[196],"grievance":[198],"more":[201,209],"faithfully":[202],"reading":[204],"surrounding":[206],"context,":[207],"honestly":[210],"tested":[212],"did":[217],"not":[218],"select.":[219],"release":[221],"our":[222],"code":[223],"https://github.com/behavioral-ds/multilingual_grievance.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-07-25T00:00:00"}