{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7170038732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.18316","title":"Binding Drift in Multi-Step Tool-Augmented Agents","display_name":"Binding Drift in Multi-Step Tool-Augmented Agents","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7170038732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.18316"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.18316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.18316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.18316","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137623701","display_name":"Rahul Suresh Babu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babu, Rahul Suresh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143401137","display_name":"Shashank Indukuri","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indukuri, Shashank","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.20239999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.20239999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.08910000324249268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.07460000365972519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.6211000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disjoint-sets","display_name":"Disjoint sets","score":0.5760999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.41519999504089355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.6211000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45340560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215382","display_name":"Disjoint sets","level":2,"score":0.5760999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135432","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","level":2,"score":0.3765000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60777511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045002","display_name":"Concept drift","level":3,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.18316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.18316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.18316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.18316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4201996922492981,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tool-augmented":[0],"language-model":[1],"agents":[2,28,226],"execute":[3],"multi-step":[4,109],"workflows":[5],"over":[6,51],"external":[7],"systems,":[8],"resolving":[9],"an":[10,133,214],"entity":[11,39,49,134,163],"once":[12],"and":[13,70,93,218,242,255],"then":[14],"acting":[15],"on":[16,96,173,228],"it":[17,35,157],"across":[18,239],"subsequent":[19],"steps.":[20,240],"Prior":[21],"work":[22],"shows":[23],"that":[24,249],"in":[25,220],"single-step":[26],"actions,":[27],"select":[29],"the":[30,37,42,67,101,139,160,169,174,193,206,221,234],"correct":[31],"tool":[32],"but":[33],"bind":[34],"to":[36,48,59,124,148,208],"wrong":[38,65,80,144,162,197],"24-26%":[40],"of":[41,213,230],"time.":[43],"We":[44,72],"study":[45],"what":[46],"happens":[47],"bindings":[50],"time:":[52],"do":[53],"they":[54],"stay":[55],"correct,":[56],"silently":[57],"drift":[58,75,227,251],"a":[60,107,182,247,256],"different":[61],"entity,":[62],"or,":[63],"if":[64],"from":[66,84,146],"start,":[68],"propagate":[69],"compound?":[71],"formalize":[73],"binding":[74],"(correct":[76],"at":[77,88],"step":[78,89],"1,":[79,90],"later)":[81],"as":[82],"distinct":[83],"error":[85,131,236],"propagation":[86],"(wrong":[87],"carried":[91],"forward),":[92],"score":[94],"them":[95],"disjoint":[97],"workflow":[98],"sets":[99],"so":[100],"two":[102],"cannot":[103],"be":[104],"conflated.":[105],"In":[106],"controlled":[108,130],"testbed":[110],"(200":[111],"workflows,":[112,232],"580":[113],"entity-binding-scored":[114],"steps,":[115],"four":[116],"enterprise":[117],"domains,":[118],"eight":[119],"model":[120,177,190],"backends":[121],"spanning":[122],"small":[123],"frontier),":[125],"we":[126],"find:":[127],"(1)":[128],"under":[129],"injection,":[132],"lock":[135],"(the":[136],"intuitive":[137],"\"persist":[138],"first":[140],"binding\"":[141],"fix)":[142],"amplifies":[143],"actions":[145,198],"907":[147],"2,746":[149],"(3.0x;":[150],"bootstrap":[151],"95%":[152],"CI":[153,202],"[2.8,":[154],"3.3]),":[155],"because":[156],"faithfully":[158],"carries":[159],"seeded":[161],"into":[164],"every":[165],"later":[166],"step;":[167],"(2)":[168],"amplification":[170],"reaches":[171],"8.5x":[172],"most":[175],"affected":[176],"(Claude":[178],"Opus":[179],"4.5);":[180],"(3)":[181],"practical":[183,257],"LLM-based":[184],"re-verifier":[185,258],"(a":[186],"single":[187],"cheap":[188],"second":[189],"call":[191],"re-reading":[192],"original":[194],"instruction)":[195],"reduces":[196],"by":[199],"79%":[200],"(0.21x;":[201],"[0.18,":[203],"0.25]),":[204],"closing":[205],"gap":[207],"within":[209],"1":[210],"percentage":[211],"point":[212],"oracle":[215,261],"upper-bound":[216],"(0.20x);":[217],"(4)":[219],"natural":[222],"(non-injected)":[223],"setting,":[224],"baseline":[225],"18%":[229],"eligible":[231],"with":[233],"per-step":[235],"rate":[237],"rising":[238],"Persistence":[241],"re-verification":[243],"are":[244],"not":[245],"interchangeable:":[246],"defense":[248],"eliminates":[250],"can":[252],"worsen":[253],"propagation,":[254],"nearly":[259],"matches":[260],"recovery.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-07-23T00:00:00"}
