{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169845434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.17218","title":"SpexPay: A Privacy-Preserving Pay-As-You-Go System for Dynamic Spectrum Sharing","display_name":"SpexPay: A Privacy-Preserving Pay-As-You-Go System for Dynamic Spectrum Sharing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169845434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.17218"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.17218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.17218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.17218","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141230249","display_name":"Mohaimin Al Barat","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barat, Mohaimin Al","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141247046","display_name":"Hexuan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Hexuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141250934","display_name":"Shaoyu Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Shaoyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133363812","display_name":"Y H Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao, Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100902783","display_name":"Y Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139287798","display_name":"Eric W. Burger","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burger, Eric W.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141310084","display_name":"Y. Thomas Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hou, Y. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141241915","display_name":"Wenjing Lou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lou, Wenjing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.21119999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.21119999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.06669999659061432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.06509999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.6934000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-escrow","display_name":"Key escrow","score":0.5756000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escrow","display_name":"Escrow","score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"Data sharing","score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperation","display_name":"Interoperation","score":0.32850000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8371999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.6934000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.636900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205533965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367345","display_name":"Key escrow","level":4,"score":0.5756000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167254554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338451","display_name":"Escrow","level":2,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139458680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184942","display_name":"Interoperation","level":3,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776945810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17006654","display_name":"Data anonymization","level":3,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.17218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.17218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.17218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.17218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5440390706062317,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dynamic":[0],"Spectrum":[1,16],"Sharing":[2],"(DSS)":[3],"is":[4,155],"a":[5,58,68,169],"cornerstone":[6],"of":[7],"next-generation":[8],"wireless":[9],"systems,":[10],"yet":[11],"existing":[12],"solutions":[13],"such":[14,37],"as":[15,38,54],"Access":[17],"Systems":[18],"(SAS)":[19],"rely":[20],"on":[21,168],"centralized":[22],"administrators":[23],"that":[24,76,153],"expose":[25],"sensitive":[26],"operational":[27],"metadata":[28],"and":[29,51,61,70,93,109,119,133,144,176,183],"lack":[30],"cryptographic":[31,166],"transaction":[32],"accountability.":[33],"Though":[34],"SAS":[35],"administrators,":[36],"Google,":[39],"have":[40],"introduced":[41],"pay-as-you-go":[42,72],"pricing":[43],"models,":[44],"these":[45],"approaches":[46],"still":[47],"face":[48],"significant":[49],"privacy":[50],"accountability":[52,132],"challenges":[53],"DSS":[55,159],"evolves":[56],"toward":[57],"more":[59],"open":[60],"large-scale":[62],"spectrum":[63,73],"marketplace.":[64],"We":[65,161],"present":[66],"SpexPay,":[67],"privacy-preserving":[69,98],"auditable":[71],"usage":[74,117],"framework":[75],"enforces":[77],"fine-grained,":[78],"usage-linked":[79],"payments":[80],"without":[81],"revealing":[82],"user":[83],"identities.":[84],"Spexpay":[85],"integrates":[86],"BBS+":[87],"verifiable":[88,131],"credentials,":[89],"unlinkable":[90],"session":[91],"pseudonyms,":[92],"selective-disclosure":[94],"proofs":[95],"to":[96,106,173],"enforce":[97],"access":[99],"authorization,":[100],"while":[101,129],"leveraging":[102],"Solidity-based":[103],"smart":[104],"contracts":[105],"realize":[107],"automated":[108],"non-repudiable":[110],"escrow":[111],"settlement.":[112],"By":[113],"recording":[114],"only":[115],"pseudonymous":[116],"evidence":[118],"hash-chained":[120],"metering":[121],"data":[122],"on-chain,":[123],"the":[124,164],"system":[125],"achieves":[126],"strong":[127],"unlinkability":[128],"preserving":[130],"auditability.":[134],"A":[135],"full":[136],"prototype":[137],"demonstrates":[138],"low":[139],"end-to-end":[140],"latency":[141],"($\\approx$150":[142],"ms)":[143],"modest":[145],"on-chain":[146],"cost":[147],"($\\approx$603K":[148],"gas":[149],"or":[150],"$\\approx$\\$0.9),":[151],"showing":[152],"SpexPay":[154],"practical":[156],"for":[157,178],"real-world":[158],"deployments.":[160],"also":[162],"evaluated":[163],"user-side":[165],"operations":[167],"Raspberry":[170],"Pi":[171],"5":[172],"assess":[174],"scalability":[175],"suitability":[177],"edge-class":[179],"hardware.":[180],"Our":[181],"code":[182],"artifacts":[184],"are":[185],"publicly":[186],"available":[187],"at":[188],"https://github.com/iambarat/SpexPay.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-07-22T00:00:00"}