{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169597482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.14957","title":"Contextualized Early Detection of Online Firestorms: A Sequential LLM-Based Approach","display_name":"Contextualized Early Detection of Online Firestorms: A Sequential LLM-Based Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169597482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.14957"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.14957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.14957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.14957","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069293338","display_name":"Besim Shala","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shala, Besim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042685867","display_name":"Peter Mandl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-7667"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mandl, Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141056828","display_name":"Andreas Humpe","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Humpe, Andreas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052851200","display_name":"Martin H\u00e4usl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5276-4166"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u00e4usl, Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.22470000386238098,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.22470000386238098,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.20389999449253082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.11720000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.6402000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negativity-effect","display_name":"Negativity effect","score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.41839998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.375900000333786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7164000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.6402000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7453019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16254302","display_name":"Negativity effect","level":2,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.41839998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778165684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6576792","display_name":"Online community","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777548347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456937","display_name":"Flagging","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.14957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.14957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.14957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.14957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"firestorms":[1],"are":[2,34],"rapid":[3],"collective":[4],"escalations":[5],"of":[6,139,166],"highly":[7],"negative":[8],"user-generated":[9],"content":[10],"and":[11,16,82,107,130,141],"may":[12],"cause":[13],"substantial":[14],"reputational":[15],"economic":[17],"damage.":[18],"Existing":[19],"detectors":[20],"usually":[21],"work":[22],"with":[23,55],"volume":[24],"signals,":[25],"sentiment":[26],"scores,":[27],"or":[28],"predefined":[29],"linguistic":[30],"features.":[31],"Such":[32],"signals":[33],"useful,":[35],"but":[36,158],"they":[37],"capture":[38],"contextual":[39],"meaning":[40],"shifts":[41],"in":[42,163],"evolving":[43],"discussion":[44],"threads":[45,65,80,133],"only":[46,135,153],"indirectly.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"an":[51],"LLM-based":[52],"detection":[53],"system":[54],"two":[56],"operating":[57],"modes.":[58],"The":[59,76,144],"first":[60],"mode":[61,78,117,126],"classifies":[62],"complete":[63],"Reddit":[64,113],"retrospectively":[66],"by":[67],"combining":[68],"local":[69],"chunk-level":[70],"assessments":[71],"into":[72],"a":[73,87,111,136],"thread-level":[74],"judgment.":[75],"second":[77],"processes":[79],"sequentially":[81],"issues":[83],"early":[84,124],"warnings":[85],"when":[86],"sliding":[88],"window":[89],"exceeds":[90],"calibrated":[91],"thresholds.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94],"mode,":[95],"the":[96,115,123],"language":[97],"model":[98],"estimates":[99],"three":[100],"firestorm":[101],"indicators:":[102],"negativity":[103],"share,":[104],"escalation":[105],"level,":[106],"contributor":[108],"count.":[109],"On":[110],"balanced":[112],"dataset,":[114],"global":[116],"achieves":[118],"strong":[119],"classification":[120],"performance,":[121],"while":[122],"warning":[125],"reaches":[127],"high":[128],"recall":[129],"detects":[131],"escalating":[132],"after":[134],"small":[137],"number":[138],"comments":[140],"distinct":[142],"contributors.":[143],"results":[145],"indicate":[146],"that":[147],"LLMs":[148],"can":[149],"be":[150],"used":[151],"not":[152],"for":[154],"static":[155],"judgment":[156],"tasks,":[157],"also":[159],"as":[160],"repeated":[161],"estimators":[162],"context-aware":[164],"monitoring":[165],"social":[167],"media":[168],"discourse.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-07-18T00:00:00"}