{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168336800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.12222","title":"A Hierarchical Semi-Markov Load Model for AI Data Centers Coupling Job Scheduling with Bulk-Synchronous-Parallel Power Dynamics","display_name":"A Hierarchical Semi-Markov Load Model for AI Data Centers Coupling Job Scheduling with Bulk-Synchronous-Parallel Power Dynamics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7168336800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.12222"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.12222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.12222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.12222","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140790532","display_name":"Chandan Chaudhary","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaudhary, Chandan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140751700","display_name":"Atri Bera","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bera, Atri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140800864","display_name":"Cody Newlun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Newlun, Cody","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140885692","display_name":"Mohammed Ben-Idris","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben-Idris, Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140779572","display_name":"Joydeep Mitra","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitra, Joydeep","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.5196999907493591,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.5196999907493591,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.2904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6276999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-grid","display_name":"Power grid","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.6118000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-sharing","display_name":"Load sharing","score":0.589900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5390999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.48489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.38940000534057617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6276999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.6118000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019828297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575614","display_name":"Load sharing","level":2,"score":0.589900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5390999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.48489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111873713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641413","display_name":"Job scheduler","level":3,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45872418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318966","display_name":"Dynamic demand","level":3,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.12222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.12222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.12222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.12222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.42192336916923523,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AI":[0],"data":[1,214],"centers":[2],"are":[3],"emerging":[4],"as":[5,104],"a":[6,21,105,124,144,158,168,174,185,291],"dominant":[7],"new":[8],"load":[9,41,129,242],"class":[10],"with":[11,193,244],"their":[12],"power":[13,38,198,294],"dynamics":[14],"fundamentally":[15],"from":[16,200,273],"conventional":[17],"industrial":[18],"loads.":[19],"Inside":[20],"training":[22],"job,":[23],"the":[24,48,64,81,86,89,102,117,190,206,216,223,227,230,238,255],"bulk-synchronous-parallel":[25],"algorithm":[26],"moves":[27,180],"each":[28,156,181],"node":[29,160,183,203,213],"through":[30,143,184],"compute,":[31],"sync,":[32],"and":[33,42,72,80,100,115,152,162,164,205,215,237,250,269,277],"checkpoint":[34],"steps,":[35,192],"which":[36],"swings":[37,79,114,268],"between":[39],"full":[40],"near":[43],"idle":[44],"within":[45,261],"seconds.":[46],"Across":[47],"whole":[49],"facility,":[50],"jobs":[51,142,166,259,275],"arrive,":[52],"take":[53],"blocks":[54],"of":[55,66,88,108,171,247,257],"nodes":[56,68,172],"for":[57,189],"hours":[58],"to":[59,210,222,260],"days,":[60],"then":[61],"leave,":[62],"so":[63,280],"number":[65],"busy":[67,109,182],"changes":[69],"daily,":[70,150],"weekly,":[71,151],"yearly.":[73],"This":[74,121],"slower":[75],"shift":[76],"drives":[77],"facility-wide":[78],"peak":[82,270],"demand":[83,271],"that":[84,94,131,285],"sets":[85],"size":[87],"grid":[90,281],"link.":[91],"A":[92,138,177],"model":[93,130,231,284],"looks":[95],"only":[96],"at":[97,226,264],"within-job":[98,178],"behavior,":[99],"treats":[101],"facility":[103,225],"fixed":[106,169],"set":[107,209],"nodes,":[110],"smooths":[111],"out":[112],"these":[113],"misses":[116],"true":[118],"peak-to-average":[119,239],"ratio.":[120],"paper":[122],"develops":[123],"hierarchical":[125],"semi-Markov":[126,187],"Data-Center":[127],"(HSM-DC)":[128],"couples":[132],"two":[133,136],"layers":[134],"across":[135,241],"timescales.":[137],"job-scheduling":[139],"layer":[140,179],"creates":[141],"non-homogeneous":[145],"compound-Poisson":[146],"process":[147],"shaped":[148],"by":[149],"seasonal":[153],"patterns,":[154],"gives":[155],"job":[157],"heavy-tailed":[159],"count":[161,204],"length,":[163],"places":[165],"on":[167,173],"pool":[170],"first-come":[175],"basis.":[176],"five-state":[186],"chain":[188],"BSP":[191],"state-based":[194],"Ornstein-Uhlenbeck":[195],"noise.":[196],"Facility":[197],"comes":[199],"this":[201],"changing":[202],"per-node":[207],"power,":[208,234],"match":[211],"measured":[212],"facility's":[217],"straight-line":[218],"power-versus-load":[219],"curve.":[220,295],"Configured":[221],"reference":[224],"same":[228],"scale,":[229],"matches":[232,254],"mean":[233],"its":[235],"spread,":[236],"ratio":[240],"levels,":[243],"fit":[245],"scores":[246],"0.9997,":[248],"0.92,":[249],"0.82.":[251],"It":[252],"also":[253],"share":[256],"queued":[258],"one":[262],"point":[263],"high":[265],"load.":[266],"Facility-wide":[267],"come":[272],"how":[274],"arrive":[276],"get":[278],"scheduled,":[279],"planning":[282],"must":[283],"process,":[286],"not":[287],"just":[288],"scale":[289],"up":[290],"single":[292],"node's":[293]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-07-16T00:00:00"}
