{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167615460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.04670","title":"Who Responds When the Driver Is Gone? A Framework for Human Intent Understanding","display_name":"Who Responds When the Driver Is Gone? A Framework for Human Intent Understanding","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167615460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.04670"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.04670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.04670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.04670","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090665711","display_name":"Xiaoman Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9987-1399"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo, Xuewen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140181574","display_name":"Ding Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan, Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100761387","display_name":"Ruiqi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7255-5353"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Ruiqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140197683","display_name":"Ye Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136490544","display_name":"Xiujin Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Xiujin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140157114","display_name":"Bo Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Bo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102489788","display_name":"Fengze Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Fengze","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140207181","display_name":"Chenxi Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Chenxi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.8288000226020813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.8288000226020813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.03449999913573265,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.027699999511241913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-reasoner","display_name":"Semantic reasoner","score":0.6284000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planner","display_name":"Planner","score":0.5618000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-ethics","display_name":"Situational ethics","score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.43389999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9616225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3929429","display_name":"Semantic reasoner","level":2,"score":0.6284000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5860999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349274","display_name":"Planner","level":2,"score":0.5618000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780626000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5936775","display_name":"Human-in-the-loop","level":2,"score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117035363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769299","display_name":"Human behavior","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142944206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786137","display_name":"Proactivity","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170494330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778434","display_name":"Cognitive map","level":3,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5570062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3919817","display_name":"Behavioural sciences","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.04670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.04670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.04670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.04670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"autonomous":[1,25,203],"vehicles":[2],"progress":[3],"toward":[4,201],"fully":[5],"driverless":[6,217],"mobility,":[7],"a":[8,57,81,105,131,141,150,198],"critical":[9],"question":[10],"emerges:":[11],"who":[12],"understands":[13],"and":[14,32,45,65,91,96,117,136,160,186,211],"responds":[15],"to":[16,166],"passengers":[17],"when":[18],"the":[19],"human":[20,49,62,183,214],"driver":[21],"is":[22],"absent?":[23],"Existing":[24],"driving":[26,164,204],"systems":[27,205],"primarily":[28],"optimize":[29],"predefined":[30],"navigation":[31],"control":[33],"objectives":[34],"from":[35],"external":[36],"scene":[37],"observations,":[38],"but":[39],"they":[40],"remain":[41,167],"limited":[42],"in":[43,216],"perceiving":[44],"reasoning":[46],"about":[47],"in-cabin":[48],"intent.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,101],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,103],"propose":[55],"Intent2Drive,":[56],"unified":[58],"framework":[59],"for":[60],"holistic":[61],"intent":[63,72,79,119,184,215],"understanding":[64],"human-aligned":[66],"planning.":[67],"Instead":[68],"of":[69],"treating":[70],"passenger":[71,170],"as":[73,80],"explicit":[74,116],"commands":[75],"alone,":[76],"Intent2Drive":[77,180],"models":[78],"latent":[82],"cognitive":[83],"state":[84],"shaped":[85],"by":[86],"language,":[87],"personal":[88],"attributes,":[89],"emotional":[90],"physical":[92],"conditions,":[93],"behavioral":[94],"signals,":[95],"situational":[97],"context.":[98],"To":[99],"support":[100],"formulation,":[102],"construct":[104],"Holistic":[106],"Intent":[107,127,144],"Dataset":[108],"(HID)":[109],"that":[110,155,179,206],"provides":[111],"structured":[112,182],"supervision":[113],"over":[114],"both":[115],"implicit":[118],"cues.":[120],"Built":[121],"upon":[122,213],"HID,":[123],"our":[124],"Theory-of-Mind-inspired":[125],"Human":[126,133,143],"Reasoner":[128],"(HIR)":[129],"infers":[130],"Latent":[132],"State":[134],"(LHS)":[135],"further":[137],"translates":[138],"it":[139],"into":[140,158],"planner-compatible":[142],"Objective":[145],"(HIO).":[146],"We":[147],"then":[148],"introduce":[149],"Hierarchical":[151],"Intent-Conditioned":[152],"Planner":[153],"(HICP)":[154],"incorporates":[156],"HIO":[157,187],"route-level":[159],"trajectory-level":[161],"planning,":[162],"enabling":[163],"behaviors":[165],"aligned":[168],"with":[169],"needs":[171],"across":[172],"different":[173],"planning":[174,193],"horizons.":[175],"Extensive":[176],"experiments":[177],"show":[178],"improves":[181],"inference":[185],"construction":[188],"while":[189],"preserving":[190],"competitive":[191],"closed-loop":[192],"performance.":[194],"These":[195],"results":[196],"demonstrate":[197],"promising":[199],"step":[200],"passenger-responsive":[202],"can":[207],"reason":[208],"about,":[209],"interpret,":[210],"act":[212],"mobility.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-07-08T00:00:00"}