{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167585272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02897","title":"PPE-Bench: A Benchmark for Evaluating MLLM Unlearning under Private-Public Entanglement","display_name":"PPE-Bench: A Benchmark for Evaluating MLLM Unlearning under Private-Public Entanglement","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167585272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02897"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.02897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02897","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081512661","display_name":"Xianren Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0283-4693"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Xianren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140156799","display_name":"Delvin Ce Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Delvin Ce","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033836068","display_name":"D Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Dongwon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140173746","display_name":"Suhang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Suhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.14030000567436218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.14030000567436218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.131400004029274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.1145000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6144999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5813000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retraining","display_name":"Retraining","score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-information-retrieval","display_name":"Private information retrieval","score":0.41850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.385699987411499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.654699981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6144999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5813000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505966","display_name":"Retraining","level":2,"score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.41850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4171000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984117370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public information","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.02897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.02897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6737973093986511,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0],"Large":[1],"Language":[2],"Models":[3],"(MLLMs)":[4],"have":[5,40],"shown":[6],"strong":[7],"capabilities,":[8],"but":[9,165,188],"they":[10,45,67],"may":[11,99],"memorize":[12],"private":[13,29,84,97,115,185],"information":[14,85,151,172,186],"from":[15,33],"web":[16],"data,":[17],"raising":[18],"privacy":[19],"concerns.":[20],"Machine":[21],"unlearning":[22,38,113,136,181],"offers":[23],"a":[24,96,102,109,130,143],"way":[25],"to":[26,58,146,152,168],"remove":[27],"such":[28],"knowledge":[30],"without":[31],"retraining":[32],"scratch.":[34],"However,":[35],"existing":[36,180],"MLLM":[37,135],"benchmarks":[39],"two":[41,163],"major":[42],"limitations.":[43],"First,":[44],"rely":[46],"on":[47],"simplified":[48],"images":[49],"that":[50,70,83,179],"contain":[51],"only":[52],"the":[53,60,71,81,114,120],"single":[54],"target":[55,116,144],"individual,":[56],"failing":[57],"reflect":[59],"visual":[61],"complexity":[62],"of":[63,108],"real-world":[64],"photos.":[65],"Second,":[66],"typically":[68],"assume":[69],"forget":[72],"set":[73,76],"and":[74,149,158],"retain":[75],"are":[77],"fully":[78],"separated,":[79],"ignoring":[80],"fact":[82],"is":[86],"often":[87,189],"visually":[88],"entangled":[89],"with":[90,101],"benign":[91],"public":[92,103,121,150,156,171,193],"information.":[93,194],"For":[94],"example,":[95],"individual":[98,145],"appear":[100],"figure":[104,157],"or":[105],"in":[106],"front":[107],"well-known":[110],"landmark,":[111],"where":[112],"should":[117],"not":[118],"damage":[119],"context.":[122],"To":[123],"address":[124],"these":[125],"limitations,":[126],"we":[127,177],"propose":[128],"PPE-Bench,":[129],"new":[131],"benchmark":[132],"for":[133],"evaluating":[134],"under":[137],"private-public":[138],"entanglement.":[139],"Each":[140],"image":[141],"contains":[142],"be":[147,153],"forgotten":[148],"preserved,":[154],"including":[155],"landmark.":[159],"We":[160],"further":[161],"introduce":[162],"simple":[164],"effective":[166],"methods":[167,182],"better":[169],"preserve":[170],"during":[173],"unlearning.":[174],"Through":[175],"experiments,":[176],"find":[178],"can":[183],"reduce":[184],"leakage,":[187],"substantially":[190],"harm":[191],"adjacent":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-07-08T00:00:00"}