{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167575320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02582","title":"Evaluating Intellectual Property Guardrails of Generative Image Models: A Technical Report","display_name":"Evaluating Intellectual Property Guardrails of Generative Image Models: A Technical Report","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167575320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02582"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.02582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02582","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048833826","display_name":"Austin Hoag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-2567"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoag, Austin T.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081421595","display_name":"Apostolos Modas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-0838"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Modas, Apostolos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038126065","display_name":"Yunhao Ba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-7195"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ba, Yunhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002838127","display_name":"Julienne LaChance","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0562-5096"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LaChance, Julienne M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140177481","display_name":"Jinru Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue, Jinru","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059604230","display_name":"Wiebke Hutiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-9509"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hutiri, Wiebke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140186500","display_name":"Jan Simson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simson, Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120268801","display_name":"Tiffany Georgievski","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgievski, Tiffany","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140209962","display_name":"Alex Towli","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Towli, Alex","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130565318","display_name":"Joseph Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smith, Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140205421","display_name":"Yuki Mitsufuji","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitsufuji, Yuki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140177582","display_name":"Alice Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang, Alice","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.15369999408721924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.15369999408721924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.07500000298023224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.06970000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.7042999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.652400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.6467999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5611000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4465000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.7042999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.652400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.6467999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5611000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5489000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150506046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6667822","display_name":"Logos Bible Software","level":2,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.02582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.02582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.02582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0],"image":[1,41,83],"models":[2,42,49,98,108,163],"are":[3],"capable":[4],"of":[5,36,76,105,123,172],"producing":[6],"images":[7,52,167],"that":[8],"bear":[9],"a":[10,26],"strong":[11],"resemblance":[12],"to,":[13],"or":[14],"replicate,":[15],"recognizable":[16,54,169],"intellectual":[17],"property":[18],"(IP).":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"technical":[22],"report,":[23],"we":[24,59],"present":[25],"benchmark":[27],"and":[28,66,69,99,148],"automated":[29],"evaluation":[30],"pipeline":[31],"to":[32,50,111,118],"test":[33],"for":[34,47],"evidence":[35],"IP":[37,57,77,119,139,170],"guardrails":[38],"in":[39],"generative":[40],"along":[43],"with":[44,53],"the":[45,73,106,121,137,153,159],"propensity":[46],"these":[48],"generate":[51],"IP.":[55],"The":[56,130],"categories":[58,140],"tested":[60,164],"include":[61],"fictional":[62],"characters,":[63],"celebrity":[64],"likeness,":[65],"commercial":[67],"logos":[68,143],"do":[70],"not":[71],"encompass":[72],"full":[74],"range":[75],"which":[78],"may":[79],"be":[80],"implicated":[81],"by":[82],"generation":[84,124],"models.":[85,102,129],"We":[86],"evaluated":[87],"fourteen":[88],"widely":[89],"used":[90],"text-to-image":[91],"models,":[92],"including":[93],"three":[94],"self-hosted":[95],"open":[96],"weights":[97],"eleven":[100],"private":[101,107],"While":[103],"all":[104,162],"were":[109,144,149],"observed":[110],"refuse":[112],"generations":[113],"at":[114,152],"some":[115],"level":[116],"due":[117],"guardrails,":[120],"frequency":[122],"refusals":[125],"varied":[126,134],"substantially":[127],"among":[128],"refusal":[131],"rates":[132],"also":[133],"considerably":[135],"across":[136],"different":[138],"tested.":[141],"Commercial":[142],"refused":[145],"least":[146],"frequently":[147],"successfully":[150],"generated":[151,166],"highest":[154],"rate,":[155],"on":[156],"average.":[157],"Though":[158],"rate":[160],"varies,":[161],"readily":[165],"containing":[168],"as":[171],"March":[173],"2026.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-07-08T00:00:00"}