{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166845450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.31036","title":"Teaching LLMs to Recommend and Defer in Underrepresented Epilepsy Care","display_name":"Teaching LLMs to Recommend and Defer in Underrepresented Epilepsy Care","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166845450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.31036"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.31036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.31036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.31036","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088303386","display_name":"Shreyas Rajesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8077-530X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh, Shreyas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129687070","display_name":"K Aparna Sharma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharma, Kartik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073661232","display_name":"Tonmoy Monsoor","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monsoor, Tonmoy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092812154","display_name":"Mehmet Y. Turali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6147-1741"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Turali, Mehmet Yigit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139847698","display_name":"Richard Idro","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Idro, Richard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073238602","display_name":"Juliana Kayaga","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayaga, Juliana","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139785803","display_name":"Robert Sebunya","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebunya, Robert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094583875","display_name":"Tracy Tushabe Namata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8393-9437"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namata, Tracy Tushabe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119925999","display_name":"Jessica Nichole Pasqua","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasqua, Jessica Nichole","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139739251","display_name":"Vwani Roychowdhury","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roychowdhury, Vwani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007834243","display_name":"Rajarshi Mazumder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-5089"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazumder, Rajarshi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.3255999982357025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.3255999982357025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.2874000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.09459999948740005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-prescription","display_name":"Medical prescription","score":0.7013999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy","display_name":"Epilepsy","score":0.638700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-authorization","display_name":"Prior authorization","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacy","display_name":"Pharmacy","score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deferral","display_name":"Deferral","score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.29030001163482666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.7013999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.638700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.626800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779598192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17514788","display_name":"Prior authorization","level":2,"score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778281098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q885383","display_name":"Deferral","level":2,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775969662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7923600","display_name":"Veterans Affairs","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781215313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493345","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105152847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5021685","display_name":"Call to action","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69637215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702362","display_name":"Default","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910723583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65066344","display_name":"Drug Utilization Review","level":3,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85079727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560114","display_name":"Quarter (Canadian coin)","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.31036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.31036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.31036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.31036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Specialist":[0],"epilepsy":[1,39],"expertise":[2],"is":[3],"scarce":[4],"in":[5,36,105],"resource-constrained":[6],"settings,":[7],"making":[8],"LLM-based":[9],"decision":[10],"support":[11],"attractive":[12],"for":[13,196],"frontline":[14],"clinicians":[15],"managing":[16],"longitudinal":[17,46],"treatment.":[18],"Such":[19],"systems":[20],"must":[21],"adapt":[22],"to":[23,30,72],"local":[24,75,86],"prescribing":[25,67,87],"practice":[26],"and":[27,107,110,119,143,167],"know":[28],"when":[29],"defer.":[31],"We":[32,77,128],"study":[33],"this":[34,154],"problem":[35],"Ugandan":[37,126],"pediatric":[38],"care,":[40],"predicting":[41],"anti-seizure":[42],"medication":[43],"regimens":[44],"from":[45,89],"unstructured":[47],"clinic":[48],"notes.":[49],"Standard":[50],"prompting":[51],"achieves":[52],"non-trivial":[53],"agreement":[54],"with":[55],"physician":[56],"prescriptions,":[57],"but":[58],"neurologist":[59],"review":[60],"shows":[61],"that":[62,84],"many":[63],"errors":[64,99],"reflect":[65],"distribution-miscalibrated":[66],"defaults":[68],"rather":[69],"than":[70],"failures":[71],"parse":[73],"the":[74,136,149,171,175,185],"record.":[76],"introduce":[78],"MANANA,":[79],"a":[80,90],"non-parametric":[81],"prompt-learning":[82],"framework":[83],"learns":[85],"guidance":[88],"small":[91],"patient-level":[92],"training":[93],"set.":[94],"MANANA":[95],"converts":[96,135],"observed":[97],"prescription":[98,141,158],"into":[100,140],"auditable":[101],"prompt":[102,132,138],"memories,":[103],"instantiated":[104],"single-agent":[106],"multi-agent":[108],"variants,":[109],"improves":[111,155],"over":[112,164],"classical":[113],"ML":[114],"models,":[115],"direct":[116],"LLM":[117],"prompting,":[118],"prompt-optimization":[120,165],"baselines":[121,166],"across":[122],"two":[123],"independently":[124,150],"collected":[125,151],"cohorts.":[127],"further":[129],"propose":[130],"Bayesian":[131],"averaging,":[133],"which":[134],"learned":[137],"trajectory":[139],"likelihoods":[142],"an":[144],"uncertainty-based":[145],"deferral":[146],"signal.":[147],"On":[148],"held-out":[152],"cohort,":[153],"visit-level":[156],"top-3":[157],"accuracy":[159],"by":[160],"4-8":[161],"percentage":[162],"points":[163],"enables":[168],"selective":[169],"prediction:":[170],"system":[172],"can":[173],"auto-handle":[174],"most":[176,186],"confident":[177,187],"half":[178],"of":[179],"cases":[180,195],"at":[181,189],"95%":[182],"precision,":[183,191],"or":[184],"quarter":[188],"99%":[190],"while":[192],"deferring":[193],"lower-confidence":[194],"specialist":[197],"review.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-07-02T00:00:00"}
