{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166871951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.30755","title":"Understanding and Evaluating Claw-like Agent Security Through a Computer-Systems Lens","display_name":"Understanding and Evaluating Claw-like Agent Security Through a Computer-Systems Lens","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166871951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.30755"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.30755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.30755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.30755","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102687891","display_name":"Peizhi Niu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niu, Peizhi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139756125","display_name":"Wenjie Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qu, Wenjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062677595","display_name":"Shangding Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2722-3779"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gu, Shangding","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139816853","display_name":"Tianneng Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Tianneng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139793881","display_name":"Yuankai Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Yuankai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128619739","display_name":"Ahmad Tawaha","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tawaha, Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117822407","display_name":"Hend Alzahrani","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alzahrani, Hend","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119968245","display_name":"Vincent Siu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siu, Vincent","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139793739","display_name":"Boyi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Boyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139715305","display_name":"Chenguang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Chenguang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139718271","display_name":"Jiaheng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Jiaheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019524943","display_name":"Basel Alomair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-2586"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alomair, Basel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139835202","display_name":"Ming Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin, Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139845190","display_name":"Muhao Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Muhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139834392","display_name":"Chi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139824538","display_name":"Costas Spanos","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spanos, Costas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139826110","display_name":"Dawn Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song, Dawn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.8082000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.8082000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.04529999941587448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.0284000001847744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.5771999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/through-the-lens-metering","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.35760000348091125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6668000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.5771999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5745999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067788","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","level":3,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780070844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857815","display_name":"Plug and play","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.30755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.30755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.30755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.30755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4716605842113495,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Claw-like":[0,67],"AI":[1],"agents":[2],"(e.g.,":[3],"OpenClaw)":[4],"are":[5,113],"always-on":[6],"processes":[7],"with":[8,93,156],"persistent":[9],"access":[10],"to":[11,206],"credentials,":[12],"files,":[13],"tools,":[14],"and":[15,30,51,87,144,159,176,235,242],"external":[16],"services.":[17],"They":[18],"take":[19],"on":[20,48,115,224],"system-level":[21],"responsibilities":[22],"--":[23,33,105,112],"installing":[24],"packages,":[25],"maintaining":[26],"state,":[27],"scheduling":[28],"subtasks,":[29],"mediating":[31],"I/O":[32],"making":[34],"security":[35],"failures":[36],"far":[37],"more":[38],"severe":[39],"than":[40,213],"in":[41,149,190],"other":[42],"agents.":[43],"Yet":[44],"existing":[45],"benchmarks":[46],"focus":[47],"model":[49],"responses":[50],"tool":[52],"calls,":[53],"leaving":[54],"cross-component":[55],"failure":[56],"modes":[57],"largely":[58],"unmeasured.":[59],"We":[60,169],"adopt":[61],"a":[62,66,99,125,221],"computer-system":[63],"analogy:":[64],"treating":[65],"agent":[68,117,154],"as":[69],"an":[70,78],"agentic":[71],"computer":[72],"system":[73],"whose":[74,82,88,102],"gateway":[75],"runtime":[76,94],"plays":[77],"OS-like":[79],"mediation":[80],"role,":[81],"Skills":[83],"resemble":[84,90],"user-installed":[85],"applications,":[86],"Plugins":[89,188],"loadable":[91],"extensions":[92],"privileges.":[95],"Each":[96],"component":[97],"has":[98],"classical":[100],"counterpart":[101],"protection":[103],"mechanisms":[104],"refined":[106],"over":[107],"decades":[108],"of":[109,127,152,192,195,232],"cybersecurity":[110],"research":[111],"absent":[114],"the":[116,196,230],"side.":[118],"From":[119],"this":[120],"perspective,":[121],"we":[122],"develop":[123],"SafeClawArena,":[124],"benchmark":[126],"406":[128],"adversarial":[129],"tasks":[130],"across":[131,165],"four":[132],"attack":[133,182,201],"surfaces":[134],"(Skill":[135],"Supply-Chain":[136],"Integrity,":[137],"Persistent":[138],"State":[139],"Exploitation,":[140],"Cross-Boundary":[141],"Data":[142],"Flow,":[143],"Indirect":[145],"Prompt":[146],"Injection),":[147],"executed":[148],"containerized":[150],"replicas":[151],"real":[153],"platforms":[155,172],"canary-marked":[157],"credentials":[158],"evaluated":[160],"via":[161],"automated":[162],"taint":[163],"tracking":[164],"nine":[166],"output":[167],"channels.":[168],"evaluate":[170],"three":[171],"(OpenClaw,":[173],"NemoClaw,":[174],"SeClaw)":[175],"five":[177],"frontier":[178],"LLMs.":[179],"The":[180],"highest":[181],"success":[183,202],"rate":[184,203],"reaches":[185],"70%;":[186],"malicious":[187],"succeed":[189],"100%":[191],"cases":[193],"regardless":[194],"LLM.":[197],"SeClaw":[198],"cuts":[199],"GPT-5.4's":[200],"from":[204],"70%":[205],"22%,":[207],"partly":[208],"through":[209],"utility-security":[210],"tradeoffs":[211],"rather":[212],"active":[214],"defenses,":[215],"while":[216],"Claude-Opus-4.6":[217],"already":[218],"sits":[219],"near":[220],"22%":[222],"floor":[223],"every":[225],"platform.":[226],"These":[227],"results":[228],"expose":[229],"inadequacy":[231],"current":[233],"defenses":[234],"suggest":[236],"directions":[237],"for":[238],"future":[239],"hardening.":[240],"Code":[241],"data:":[243],"https://github.com/sunblaze-ucb/SafeClawArena.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-07-02T00:00:00"}
