{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166637628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29824","title":"Neural Procedural Memory: Empowering LLM Agents with Implicit Activation Steering","display_name":"Neural Procedural Memory: Empowering LLM Agents with Implicit Activation Steering","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166637628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29824"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.29824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29824","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121140141","display_name":"Chengfeng Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Chengfeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139652290","display_name":"Yuqiao Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan, Yuqiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139704523","display_name":"Shizhu He","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Shizhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139686009","display_name":"Yequan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yequan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139686638","display_name":"Jun Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139700650","display_name":"Kang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.39309999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.39309999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.1931000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.06159999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7317000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5710999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.5490999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-knowledge","display_name":"Implicit knowledge","score":0.2888000011444092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7317000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5710999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.5490999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986065213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743861","display_name":"Implicit knowledge","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18606","display_name":"Procedural memory","level":3,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.29824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.29824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7626805901527405,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"Large":[1],"Language":[2],"Models":[3],"(LLMs)":[4],"excel":[5],"as":[6],"static":[7],"solvers,":[8],"transforming":[9],"them":[10],"into":[11,43,102],"autonomous":[12],"agents":[13,24],"remains":[14],"challenging.":[15],"This":[16],"transition":[17],"requires":[18],"continuous":[19],"environmental":[20],"interaction,":[21],"yet":[22],"current":[23],"lack":[25],"the":[26,61,72,106,112,137,171],"necessary":[27,64],"persistent":[28],"procedural":[29,96],"memory.":[30,188],"Existing":[31],"approaches":[32],"predominantly":[33],"employ":[34],"Retrieval-Augmented":[35],"Generation":[36],"(RAG)":[37],"to":[38,59,116,130,151],"inject":[39],"explicit":[40,92,133,145],"textual":[41,134],"guidelines":[42],"model":[44],"contexts.":[45],"However,":[46],"relying":[47],"solely":[48],"on":[49],"symbolic":[50],"instructions":[51],"can":[52],"introduce":[53],"a":[54,79,182],"text-action":[55],"disconnect,":[56],"frequently":[57],"failing":[58],"activate":[60],"internal":[62],"representations":[63],"for":[65,185],"correct":[66],"task":[67,118,154,165],"execution.":[68,119,155],"To":[69],"address":[70],"this,":[71],"paper":[73],"introduces":[74],"Neural":[75],"Procedural":[76],"Memory":[77],"(NPM),":[78],"training-free":[80],"framework":[81],"that":[82,126,140,159,177],"represents":[83],"agent":[84,123,187],"memory":[85],"through":[86],"implicit":[87,142,178],"activation":[88,107,172,179],"steering":[89,103,143,161,180],"rather":[90],"than":[91],"instructions.":[93,135],"By":[94],"distilling":[95],"skills":[97],"from":[98],"historical":[99],"contrastive":[100],"experiences":[101],"vectors":[104,162],"in":[105],"space,":[108],"NPM":[109,127],"directly":[110],"activates":[111],"task-relevant":[113],"neural":[114],"mechanisms":[115],"guide":[117],"Evaluations":[120],"across":[121],"four":[122],"benchmarks":[124],"show":[125,139],"performs":[128],"comparably":[129],"baselines":[131],"using":[132],"Furthermore,":[136],"results":[138],"combining":[141],"with":[144],"workflows":[146],"provides":[147,181],"complementary":[148],"advantages,":[149],"leading":[150],"more":[152],"robust":[153],"Representational":[156],"analyses":[157],"indicate":[158],"these":[160],"encode":[163],"consistent":[164],"logic,":[166],"forming":[167],"organized":[168],"structures":[169],"within":[170],"space.":[173],"These":[174],"findings":[175],"suggest":[176],"promising":[183],"approach":[184],"managing":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:29:00.853634","created_date":"2026-07-01T00:00:00"}