{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166577796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.27966","title":"Decoys Cannot Go Everywhere: Mapping the Deception Surface in MITRE ATT&amp;CK","display_name":"Decoys Cannot Go Everywhere: Mapping the Deception Surface in MITRE ATT&amp;CK","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166577796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.27966"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.27966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.27966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.27966","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057368381","display_name":"Veronica Valeros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-3231"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valeros, Veronica","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139609140","display_name":"Carlos Catania","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catania, Carlos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049724462","display_name":"Viliam Lis\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-1507"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lis\u00fd, Viliam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139613483","display_name":"Harm Griffioen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Griffioen, Harm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.3377000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.3377000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.13920000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.10279999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoy","display_name":"Decoy","score":0.9571999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.8194000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","score":0.4812999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubric","display_name":"Rubric","score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.34850001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779179475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3545649","display_name":"Decoy","level":3,"score":0.9571999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.8194000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6617000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6553000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.4812999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111640148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847349","display_name":"Rubric","level":2,"score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776987312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19693316","display_name":"First responder","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.27966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.27966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.27966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.27966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6502143740653992,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber":[0],"deception":[1,32,75,229],"research":[2,230],"often":[3],"assumes":[4],"that":[5,19,62,105,144,189,207,236],"a":[6,27,45,84,110,152,160,168,172,178,183],"decoy":[7,47,85,140,173],"can":[8,48,64,106],"be":[9,49,107,240],"placed":[10],"wherever":[11],"there":[12,96],"is":[13,54,77,97],"attacker":[14,53,87,130,149,199,246],"behavior.":[15,247],"This":[16],"work":[17],"tests":[18],"assumption":[20],"across":[21,114],"MITRE":[22],"ATT&amp;CK":[23,39],"v18.1.":[24],"We":[25,186,214],"introduce":[26],"four-criterion":[28],"rubric":[29,42],"for":[30,151,227],"infrastructure":[31,237],"and":[33,66,125,137,157,205,220,231,234],"apply":[34,243],"it":[35],"to":[36,56,242,244],"all":[37,245],"250":[38],"techniques.":[40],"The":[41,73],"evaluates":[43],"whether":[44,51,67,197,206],"defender-controlled":[46,99],"placed,":[50],"an":[52,198,224],"likely":[55],"interact":[57],"with":[58,159,201],"it,":[59],"what":[60],"intelligence":[61,194],"interaction":[63,69,208],"yield,":[65],"the":[68,86,92,102,129,139,148,216],"reliably":[70,209],"indicates":[71,210],"malice.":[72],"resulting":[74],"surface":[76],"sparse:":[78],"only":[79],"80":[80,116],"techniques":[81,117],"(32%)":[82],"admit":[83],"could":[88],"plausibly":[89],"reach.":[90],"For":[91],"remaining":[93],"170":[94],"techniques,":[95],"no":[98],"asset":[100,156],"in":[101,135],"attacker's":[103],"path":[104,180],"fabricated":[108,161],"as":[109,141,223],"decoy.":[111],"Decoy":[112],"placement":[113,170],"those":[115],"falls":[118],"into":[119],"two":[120],"patterns":[121,166],"we":[122],"call":[123],"Sweep":[124],"Seek.":[126],"In":[127,146],"Sweep,":[128],"moves":[131],"broadly":[132],"through":[133],"assets":[134],"range":[136],"encounters":[138],"part":[142],"of":[143,155,163],"activity.":[145],"Seek,":[147],"looks":[150],"specific":[153],"kind":[154],"interacts":[158,200],"version":[162],"it.":[164],"These":[165],"give":[167],"simple":[169],"rule:":[171],"must":[174],"either":[175],"sit":[176],"on":[177],"sweep":[179],"or":[181],"imitate":[182],"sought":[184],"asset.":[185],"also":[187],"show":[188,235],"decoys":[190,238],"usually":[191],"have":[192],"useful":[193],"potential,":[195],"but":[196],"them":[202],"at":[203],"all,":[204],"malice,":[211],"both":[212],"vary.":[213],"release":[215],"rubric,":[217],"decision":[218],"rules,":[219],"per-technique":[221],"assessment":[222],"auditable":[225],"baseline":[226],"future":[228],"deployment":[232],"planning,":[233],"cannot":[239],"assumed":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-30T00:00:00"}
