{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165730891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24585","title":"LLMs Prompted for Legal Context Object More: Overrefusal from Small On-Premises LLMs in Criminal Legal Context","display_name":"LLMs Prompted for Legal Context Object More: Overrefusal from Small On-Premises LLMs in Criminal Legal Context","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165730891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24585"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24585","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119181740","display_name":"Anastasiia Kucherenko","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kucherenko, Anastasiia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139249860","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Brouchoud","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brouchoud, Fran\u00e7ois","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139255191","display_name":"Dimitri Percia David","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David, Dimitri Percia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067556590","display_name":"Andrei Kucharavy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-8644"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kucharavy, Andrei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.7044000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.7044000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14013","display_name":"Legal Language and Interpretation","score":0.0348999984562397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5612000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supreme-court","display_name":"Supreme court","score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-law","display_name":"Criminal law","score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-culture","display_name":"Legal culture","score":0.27000001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5612000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4440999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497143","display_name":"Legal culture","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993506386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146071","display_name":"Criminal trial","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141603448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134830","display_name":"Prefix","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7608613967895508,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"the":[1,7,77,97,111],"validity":[2],"of":[3,79,96],"LLMs'":[4],"use":[5,37],"in":[6,126,133],"legal":[8,15,17,82],"context":[9],"remains":[10],"subject":[11],"to":[12,69,75,161],"ethical":[13],"and":[14,29,129,156],"debate,":[16],"professionals":[18],"are":[19,66,91,143],"already":[20],"experimenting":[21],"with":[22],"personal":[23],"LLMs,":[24],"if":[25,45],"only":[26],"for":[27,164],"translation":[28],"reformulation.":[30],"However,":[31],"even":[32],"such":[33,57],"a":[34,115,149],"seemingly":[35],"innocuous":[36],"can":[38],"introduce":[39],"biases":[40],"through":[41],"case":[42],"processing":[43],"speed":[44],"LLM":[46],"assistants":[47],"selectively":[48],"refuse":[49],"assistance":[50],"on":[51,81],"certain":[52],"topics.":[53],"To":[54],"better":[55],"anticipate":[56],"biases,":[58],"we":[59,85],"investigate":[60],"several":[61],"modern":[62],"small":[63,139],"LLMs":[64,142],"that":[65,87,138,148],"most":[67],"likely":[68],"be":[70],"used":[71],"as":[72,93],"on-device":[73],"assistants,":[74],"assess":[76],"impact":[78],"overrefusal":[80],"prompts.":[83],"Surprisingly,":[84],"find":[86],"authority-style":[88],"prefixes":[89],"(``you":[90],"acting":[92],"an":[94],"assistant":[95],"national":[98],"supreme":[99],"court'',":[100],"``[...]":[101],"defense":[102],"lawyer'')":[103],"systematically":[104],"increase":[105],"refusal":[106],"rates":[107],"by":[108],"2--20x":[109],"over":[110],"no-prefix":[112],"baseline,":[113],"while":[114],"known":[116],"role-play":[117],"jailbreak":[118],"prefix":[119],"shows":[120],"mixed":[121],"effects,":[122],"sharply":[123],"increasing":[124],"refusals":[125],"some":[127],"models":[128],"barely":[130],"shifting":[131],"them":[132],"others.":[134],"The":[135],"finding":[136],"suggests":[137],"on-prem":[140],"deployable":[141],"unstable":[144],"under":[145],"contextual":[146],"framings":[147],"real":[150],"institutional":[151],"user":[152],"might":[153],"naturally":[154],"introduce,":[155],"further":[157],"investigation":[158],"is":[159],"essential":[160],"minimize":[162],"opportunities":[163],"bias.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-25T00:00:00"}
