{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165751438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24151","title":"Metis: Bridging Text and Code Memory for Self-Evolving Agents","display_name":"Metis: Bridging Text and Code Memory for Self-Evolving Agents","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165751438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24151"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24151","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139264984","display_name":"Zijie Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dai, Zijie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139281386","display_name":"Siuhin He","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Siuhin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139274938","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077178159","display_name":"Qihui Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Qihui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108050329","display_name":"Jiajun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9315"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Jiajun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000111354","display_name":"Mingcong Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5289-685X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song, Mingcong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103437255","display_name":"Guoping Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3176-7572"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long, Guoping","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101107776","display_name":"Huamin Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7511-6624"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Si, Hongjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139252228","display_name":"Xin Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao, Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139256783","display_name":"Lin Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139220158","display_name":"James Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng, James","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139261368","display_name":"Xiao Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan, Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.15360000729560852,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.15360000729560852,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.14730000495910645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.07169999927282333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metis","display_name":"Metis","score":0.60589998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-reuse","display_name":"Code reuse","score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.41659998893737793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8277999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780705272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19903554","display_name":"Metis","level":2,"score":0.60589998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771245","display_name":"Code reuse","level":3,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12186640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815743","display_name":"Memory model","level":3,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776834041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346349","display_name":"Execution model","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244916","display_name":"Intermediate language","level":3,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989134064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288510","display_name":"Execution time","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-evolving":[0],"agents":[1],"improve":[2],"over":[3,80,197],"time":[4,49],"by":[5,111,171,193,203],"distilling":[6],"experience":[7,21,58,130],"from":[8,53],"past":[9],"executions":[10],"and":[11,77,101,136,139,223],"reusing":[12],"it":[13],"in":[14,96],"future":[15],"tasks.":[16],"Existing":[17],"systems":[18],"represent":[19],"such":[20,103],"either":[22],"as":[23,32,35],"natural-language":[24],"text":[25,75,155],"injected":[26],"into":[27,131,144],"the":[28,39,54,57,61,69,90,151,158],"agent":[29,119,211],"context":[30],"or":[31],"code":[33,78,162],"exposed":[34],"callable":[36,146],"tools.":[37,147],"However,":[38],"choice":[40],"between":[41,63,219],"these":[42,112],"representations":[43],"is":[44,108],"typically":[45],"made":[46],"at":[47],"design":[48,149],"rather":[50],"than":[51],"derived":[52],"characteristics":[55],"of":[56,84,154,161],"itself,":[59],"leaving":[60],"trade-offs":[62,95],"them":[64],"poorly":[65],"understood.":[66],"We":[67,174],"present":[68],"first":[70],"controlled":[71],"study":[72],"that":[73,89,104,188],"isolates":[74],"memory":[76,79,156,163],"an":[81],"identical":[82],"set":[83],"experiences.":[85],"Our":[86],"results":[87,186],"show":[88,187],"two":[91],"forms":[92],"exhibit":[93],"complementary":[94],"construction":[97],"cost,":[98],"execution":[99,132,159,201,221],"efficiency,":[100,222],"transferability,":[102],"neither":[105],"representation":[106],"alone":[107],"sufficient.":[109],"Guided":[110],"findings,":[113],"we":[114],"propose":[115],"Metis,":[116],"a":[117,123,179,216],"self-evolving":[118,210],"system":[120],"built":[121],"on":[122,177],"hierarchical":[124],"dual-representation":[125],"memory.":[126],"Metis":[127,176,189,213],"organizes":[128],"textual":[129],"plans,":[133],"environment":[134],"facts,":[135],"common":[137],"pitfalls,":[138],"selectively":[140],"crystallizes":[141],"recurring":[142],"plans":[143],"validated":[145],"This":[148],"combines":[150],"broad":[152],"applicability":[153],"with":[157,208],"efficiency":[160],"while":[164,199],"incurring":[165],"tool-generation":[166],"cost":[167,202],"only":[168],"when":[169],"justified":[170],"repeated":[172],"reuse.":[173],"evaluate":[175],"AppWorld,":[178],"challenging":[180],"benchmark":[181],"for":[182],"interactive":[183],"agents.":[184],"The":[185],"improves":[190],"task":[191],"accuracy":[192],"up":[194,204],"to":[195,205],"20.6%":[196],"ReAct":[198],"reducing":[200],"22.8%.":[206],"Compared":[207],"representative":[209],"systems,":[212],"consistently":[214],"achieves":[215],"better":[217],"balance":[218],"accuracy,":[220],"memory-construction":[224],"cost.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-25T00:00:00"}