{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165777563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24074","title":"Token Complexity of Certifying Stochastic-Oracle Reliability","display_name":"Token Complexity of Certifying Stochastic-Oracle Reliability","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165777563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24074"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24074","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139269887","display_name":"Jie Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5139269887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.36039999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.36039999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.26089999079704285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.1671999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.8458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6881999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.43849998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.8458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6881999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6294000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.43849998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179145077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154130","display_name":"Communication complexity","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201729545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability theory","level":3,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5120494961738586,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wang~\\cite{Wang2026}":[0],"introduced":[1],"the":[2,13,41,55,91,100,114,120,139,142,146,169,176,180,191,197],"Stochastic-Oracle":[3],"Turing":[4],"Machine":[5],"(SOTM)":[6],"framework":[7],"and":[8,97,126,145],"defined":[9],"token":[10,52,58,134,149,173,194],"complexity":[11,53,135,195],"as":[12,175,179],"minimum":[14,56],"expected":[15,57,147,172],"cost":[16,59,174],"of":[17,43,138],"interacting":[18],"with":[19,61,160],"a":[20,26,31,44,48,70,79,105,154],"stochastic":[21,45],"oracle":[22,46],"needed":[23],"to":[24,65,123,185],"attain":[25],"specified":[27],"solution":[28],"quality":[29],"for":[30,39],"task.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"develops":[35],"an":[36,85,128],"analogous":[37],"notion":[38],"certifying":[40],"reliability":[42,72,81,121,140],"on":[47,132],"given":[49],"domain.":[50],"Certification":[51],"is":[54],"required,":[60],"controlled":[62],"error":[63,117,143,182],"probability,":[64],"distinguish":[66],"oracles":[67],"that":[68,76,89],"meet":[69],"target":[71],"level":[73],"from":[74],"those":[75],"fall":[77],"below":[78],"lower":[80,157],"threshold.":[82,107],"We":[83,151],"construct":[84],"SPRT-based":[86,177],"certification":[87,133,165,193],"SOTM":[88,109,166],"queries":[90],"oracle,":[92],"computes":[93],"binary":[94],"correctness":[95],"scores,":[96],"stops":[98],"when":[99],"accumulated":[101],"log-likelihood":[102],"evidence":[103],"crosses":[104],"decision":[106],"The":[108],"halts":[110],"almost":[111],"surely,":[112],"satisfies":[113],"desired":[115],"two-sided":[116],"guarantee":[118],"over":[119],"regions":[122],"be":[124],"certified,":[125],"yields":[127],"explicit":[129],"upper":[130],"bound":[131,183],"in":[136,196],"terms":[137],"thresholds,":[141],"bound,":[144],"per-turn":[148],"cost.":[150],"then":[152],"establish":[153],"matching":[155],"information-theoretic":[156],"bound:":[158],"even":[159],"adaptive":[161],"queries,":[162],"every":[163],"error-bounded":[164],"must":[167],"incur":[168],"same":[170],"leading-order":[171,192],"construction":[178],"prescribed":[181],"tends":[184],"zero.":[186],"Together,":[187],"these":[188],"bounds":[189],"characterize":[190],"small-error":[198],"regime.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-25T00:00:00"}