{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165790395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24022","title":"Do Language Models Pass the Bechdel Test? Auditing Gender Biases in LLM-Generated Screenplays","display_name":"Do Language Models Pass the Bechdel Test? Auditing Gender Biases in LLM-Generated Screenplays","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165790395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24022"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24022","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139262635","display_name":"Megha N. Govindu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Govindu, Megha N.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075619437","display_name":"Stephanie T. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Stephanie T.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086384189","display_name":"Sorelle A. Friedler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-1597"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friedler, Sorelle A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128936974","display_name":"Dana\u00e9 Metaxa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Metaxa, Dana\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.453900009393692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.453900009393692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13216","display_name":"Artistic and Creative Research","score":0.039799999445676804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.03579999879002571,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.6126999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.5548999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.527899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.31540000438690186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.6126999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.5548999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.527899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.41130000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983427547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Gender bias","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.24022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.24022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.70177161693573}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"large":[1],"language":[2],"models":[3],"(LLMs)":[4],"are":[5,117],"increasingly":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,46,69,89,137],"media":[9,167],"production":[10],"from":[11],"journalistm":[12],"to":[13,30,37,84,120],"filmmaking,":[14],"what":[15],"impact":[16],"do":[17],"they":[18],"have":[19,141],"on":[20,43],"the":[21,51,60,77,122,159],"stories":[22],"being":[23],"told?":[24],"Prior":[25],"work":[26],"has":[27],"shown":[28],"LLMs":[29,99],"perpetuate":[31],"social":[32,80],"biases,":[33],"including":[34],"those":[35],"related":[36],"gender.":[38],"We":[39,74,92,155],"complement":[40],"existing":[41],"literature":[42],"gender":[44],"bias":[45,88,151],"LLM":[47],"outputs":[48],"by":[49,96,157],"auditing":[50],"network":[52,81,127],"structure":[53],"of":[54,66,79,166],"LLM-generated":[55,90],"movie":[56],"screenplays":[57,94],"through":[58],"automating":[59],"Bechdel":[61,123],"test,":[62],"a":[63],"popular":[64],"measure":[65],"women's":[67],"representation":[68],"literary":[70],"and":[71,104,132,169],"film":[72],"works.":[73],"also":[75],"introduce":[76],"use":[78],"analysis":[82],"measures":[83],"further":[85,163],"analyze":[86],"representational":[87,150],"scripts.":[91],"evaluate":[93],"generated":[95],"three":[97],"state-of-the-art":[98],"(GPT-5,":[100],"Gemini":[101],"3":[102],"Pro,":[103],"Claude":[105],"Sonnet":[106],"4.5)":[107],"against":[108],"768":[109],"corresponding":[110],"human-written":[111,115],"screenplays,":[112],"finding":[113],"that":[114,136],"scripts":[116],"more":[118],"likely":[119],"pass":[121],"test.":[124],"However,":[125],"other":[126],"analyses,":[128],"like":[129],"centrality,":[130],"homophily,":[131],"triadic":[133],"relationships":[134],"demonstrate":[135,148],"some":[138,149],"cases":[139],"LLM-scripts":[140],"less":[142],"bias,":[143],"although":[144],"all":[145],"script":[146],"types":[147],"under":[152],"most":[153],"measures.":[154],"conclude":[156],"discussing":[158],"continued":[160],"need":[161],"for":[162],"quantitative":[164],"assessments":[165],"representations":[168],"AI-generated":[170],"content.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-25T00:00:00"}
