{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165798699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.23840","title":"Embodied Explainability and Ontological Obstacles: Why We Struggle to Explain the Answers of Large Language Models (LLMs)","display_name":"Embodied Explainability and Ontological Obstacles: Why We Struggle to Explain the Answers of Large Language Models (LLMs)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165798699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.23840"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.23840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.23840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.23840","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076773855","display_name":"Marvin Pafla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5911-4993"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pafla, Marvin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071941660","display_name":"Jesse Hoey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-2204"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoey, Jesse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139218162","display_name":"Kate Larson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larson, Kate","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139287298","display_name":"Mark Hancock","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hancock, Mark","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.4251999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.4251999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.25519999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.03720000013709068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-cognition","display_name":"Embodied cognition","score":0.8672999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affordance","display_name":"Affordance","score":0.838699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situated","display_name":"Situated","score":0.7436000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.6388999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-understanding","display_name":"Language understanding","score":0.4724999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.3492000102996826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.8672999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194995250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531136","display_name":"Affordance","level":2,"score":0.838699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.7436000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.7078999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6388999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.4724999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192327766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038799","display_name":"Cognitive robotics","level":3,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123556308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484761","display_name":"Philosophy of language","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.23840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.23840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.23840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.23840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.43021392822265625,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Explainability":[0],"is":[1,40],"often":[2],"framed":[3],"as":[4,44],"a":[5],"property":[6],"of":[7,31],"an":[8,28],"AI":[9],"model,":[10],"with":[11],"explanations":[12,101,117],"extracted":[13],"from":[14],"its":[15],"internals":[16],"and":[17,36,54,78,108,128,144],"shown":[18],"to":[19,141],"users.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"argument":[23],"paper,":[24],"we":[25,57,113],"instead":[26],"provide":[27,139],"embodied":[29,116],"account":[30],"explainability":[32,131],"based":[33],"on":[34,47,80],"Dourish":[35],"enactivist":[37],"cognition:":[38],"understanding":[39],"created":[41],"in":[42,49,87,95,147],"use":[43],"people":[45],"act":[46],"affordances":[48,140],"shared":[50],"practice.":[51,149],"Using":[52],"demonstrations":[53],"conceptual":[55],"analysis,":[56],"reveal":[58],"ontological":[59],"obstacles":[60,94],"when":[61],"\"looking":[62],"inside\"":[63],"large":[64],"language":[65],"models:":[66],"surrogates":[67],"import":[68],"external":[69],"abstractions":[70],"that":[71,84,99,130,138],"can":[72,109],"be":[73,134],"mistaken":[74],"for":[75,126,136],"the":[76],"model's,":[77],"focusing":[79],"internal":[81],"reasoning":[82],"misses":[83],"explainers":[85],"participate":[86],"their":[88,106],"own":[89],"understanding.":[90],"We":[91],"discuss":[92],"these":[93],"XAI":[96],"practice,":[97],"arguing":[98],"many":[100],"are":[102],"misnamed,":[103],"which":[104],"skews":[105],"purpose":[107],"increase":[110],"overreliance.":[111],"Finally,":[112],"highlight":[114],"how":[115],"reorganize":[118],"sense-making":[119],"by":[120],"making":[121],"what":[122],"matters":[123],"publicly":[124],"available":[125],"action,":[127],"argue":[129],"claims":[132],"should":[133],"reserved":[135],"designs":[137],"probe,":[142],"coordinate,":[143],"repair":[145],"behaviour":[146],"situated":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-25T00:00:00"}