{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165666560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22911","title":"ThermoLLM: Thermodynamics-Aware HVAC Control with Spatial-Semantic Knowledge Graph","display_name":"ThermoLLM: Thermodynamics-Aware HVAC Control with Spatial-Semantic Knowledge Graph","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165666560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22911"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.22911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22911","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040930682","display_name":"Kirtan Bhatt","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhatt, Kirtan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102676496","display_name":"Xiachong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6762-8365"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Xiachong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113253012","display_name":"Matthew Amos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8294-9936"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amos, Matthew","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126723875","display_name":"Flora D. Salim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salim, Flora D.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139168970","display_name":"Wen Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.842199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.842199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.034699998795986176,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.8201000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5776000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.34299999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.8201000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5776000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5756000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83931994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149653","display_name":"Building automation","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106527866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1489497","display_name":"Building management system","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.22911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.22911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7848220467567444,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-zone":[0],"HVAC":[1,42],"control":[2,14,48,87,118,154],"is":[3,49,97],"a":[4,84,90,100],"spatial":[5,102,128],"decision":[6],"problem":[7],"in":[8,99],"which":[9,67],"indoor":[10],"thermal":[11,35,76,146],"evolution":[12],"and":[13,22,33,78,110,130,144,156,172],"decisions":[15,138],"depend":[16],"not":[17],"only":[18],"on":[19,28,56],"outdoor":[20],"conditions":[21],"internal":[23],"heat":[24],"gains":[25],"but":[26],"also":[27],"zone":[29,74],"layout,":[30],"physical":[31],"adjacency,":[32],"delayed":[34],"interactions":[36],"across":[37],"the":[38,120,123,150,163,167,173],"building.":[39],"Recent":[40],"LLM-based":[41,158],"controllers":[43],"have":[44],"shown":[45],"that":[46,139,162],"prompt-based":[47],"feasible.":[50],"However,":[51],"these":[52],"methods":[53],"typically":[54],"rely":[55],"task":[57],"descriptions,":[58],"observation":[59],"values,":[60],"short":[61],"textual":[62],"feedback,":[63],"or":[64],"unstructured":[65],"retrieval,":[66],"limits":[68],"their":[69],"ability":[70],"to":[71,136],"reason":[72],"about":[73],"coupling,":[75],"response,":[77],"building":[79,93,108,125,142],"dynamics.":[80],"This":[81],"paper":[82],"presents":[83],"thermodynamics-aware":[85],"LLM":[86],"framework":[88,151],"for":[89],"five-zone":[91],"EnergyPlus":[92],"simulation.":[94],"The":[95],"controller":[96],"grounded":[98],"physics-informed":[101],"knowledge":[103],"graph":[104],"derived":[105],"from":[106],"Brick-style":[107],"semantics":[109],"linked":[111],"with":[112],"recent":[113,131],"interaction":[114],"history.":[115],"At":[116],"each":[117],"step,":[119],"model":[121],"receives":[122],"current":[124],"state,":[126],"graph-structured":[127],"context,":[129],"environment-controller":[132],"history,":[133],"enabling":[134],"it":[135],"make":[137],"reflect":[140],"both":[141],"structure":[143],"short-term":[145],"evolution.":[147],"We":[148],"evaluate":[149],"against":[152],"standard":[153],"baselines":[155],"several":[157],"alternatives.":[159],"Results":[160],"show":[161],"proposed":[164],"approach":[165],"achieves":[166],"best":[168],"overall":[169],"energy-comfort":[170],"trade-off":[171],"lowest":[174],"PMV":[175],"violation":[176],"while":[177],"maintaining":[178],"energy-efficient":[179],"operation.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-24T00:00:00"}