{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165641554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22632","title":"ColumnKeeper: Efficient Solutions to the ColumnDisturb Vulnerability in DRAM-based Systems","display_name":"ColumnKeeper: Efficient Solutions to the ColumnDisturb Vulnerability in DRAM-based Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165641554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22632"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.22632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22632","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139201840","display_name":"Andreas Kosmas Kakolyris","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kakolyris, Andreas Kosmas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139148191","display_name":"F. Nisa Bostanci","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bostanci, F. Nisa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056716458","display_name":"Ataberk Olgun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-5726"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olgun, Ataberk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041744643","display_name":"\u0130smail Emir Y\u00fcksel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3310-4423"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuksel, Ismail Emir","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138729625","display_name":"Harsh Songara","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songara, Harsh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139173899","display_name":"Konstantinos Marios Sgouras","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sgouras, Konstantinos Marios","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138745699","display_name":"Umut Baser","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baser, Umut","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103231567","display_name":"Konstantinos Kanellopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-7490"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanellopoulos, Konstantinos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139155430","display_name":"A. Giray Yaglikci","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaglikci, A. Giray","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110998924","display_name":"Onut Mutlu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mutlu, Onur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.26820001006126404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.26820001006126404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.19660000503063202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.1589999943971634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.9241999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/row","display_name":"Row","score":0.7196000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4507000148296356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.9241999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135598885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366302","display_name":"Row","level":2,"score":0.7196000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6869000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","level":2,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104140500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088159","display_name":"Row and column spaces","level":3,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989164559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15637420","display_name":"Low energy","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.22632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.22632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.22632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"DRAM":[1,36,44,56,72],"chips":[2],"are":[3],"vulnerable":[4],"to":[5,66,102,119,211],"read":[6,27,37],"disturbance":[7,28,38],"phenomena":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10],"RowHammer":[11],"and":[12,49,91,110,125,128,180,191,202,218,239,248],"RowPress,":[13],"which":[14],"induce":[15],"bitflips":[16,175],"after":[17],"accessing":[18],"nearby":[19],"rows":[20,65],"a":[21,32,62,88,94,133,139,152,160,212],"certain":[22],"number":[23,53],"of":[24,47,54,80,200,216,245],"times":[25],"(the":[26],"threshold).":[29],"ColumnDisturb":[30,41,81,174,187,221],"is":[31,253],"new,":[33],"fundamentally":[34],"different":[35],"phenomenon.":[39],"Specifically,":[40],"(i)":[42],"disturbs":[43],"columns":[45],"instead":[46,143],"rows,":[48],"(ii)":[50],"increases":[51],"the":[52,77,123,156,184],"affected":[55],"cells":[57,68],"from":[58],"those":[59],"in":[60,83,132,147,155],"only":[61],"few":[63],"neighboring":[64],"all":[67],"across":[69],"three":[70,148],"consecutive":[71,149],"subarrays.":[73],"We":[74],"propose":[75],"ColumnKeeper,":[76],"first":[78],"set":[79],"mitigations,":[82],"two":[84,115],"variants:":[85],"ColumnKeeper-D":[86],"(CK-D),":[87],"deterministic":[89,104],"mechanism,":[90],"ColumnKeeper-P":[92],"(CK-P),":[93],"probabilistic":[95],"one.":[96],"CK-D":[97,190,238],"exploits":[98],"DRAM's":[99],"open-bitline":[100],"architecture":[101],"provide":[103],"security":[105,165],"guarantees":[106,166],"at":[107,167,176,222,256],"low":[108,168,177,195,214,223,242],"performance":[109,198],"energy":[111],"overheads:":[112],"it":[113],"uses":[114],"counters":[116],"per":[117],"subarray":[118,134,232],"track":[120],"activations":[121],"affecting":[122],"odd":[124],"even":[126],"columns,":[127],"refreshes":[129,144],"one":[130,145],"row":[131,146,153],"when":[135],"either":[136],"counter":[137],"reaches":[138],"predetermined":[140,161],"threshold.":[141],"CK-P":[142,192,240],"subarrays":[150],"upon":[151],"activation":[154],"middle":[157],"subarray,":[158],"with":[159],"probability,":[162],"providing":[163],"configurable":[164],"area":[169,181,243],"overhead.":[170],"Both":[171],"mechanisms":[172],"prevent":[173],"performance,":[178],"energy,":[179],"overheads.":[182],"At":[183],"current":[185],"experimentally-demonstrated":[186],"threshold":[188],"(1M),":[189],"incur":[193],"very":[194],"average":[196,215],"single-core":[197],"overheads":[199,244],"0.15%":[201],"0.36%,":[203],"respectively.":[204,251],"For":[205],"near-future":[206],"thresholds":[207,224],"(128K),":[208],"these":[209],"rise":[210],"still":[213],"1.70%":[217],"2.73%.":[219],"Mitigating":[220],"(e.g.,":[225],"16K)":[226],"remains":[227],"possible":[228],"by":[229],"adopting":[230],"smaller":[231],"sizes":[233],"or":[234],"enabling":[235],"subarray-level":[236],"parallelism.":[237],"require":[241],"0.1":[246],"mm^2":[247],"0.03":[249],"mm^2,":[250],"ColumnKeeper":[252],"freely":[254],"available":[255],"https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/ColumnKeeper":[257],".":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-24T00:00:00"}