{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165636395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.21832","title":"AgentCAT: Simulating Computerized Adaptive Testing via Multi-Agent Large Language Models","display_name":"AgentCAT: Simulating Computerized Adaptive Testing via Multi-Agent Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165636395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.21832"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.21832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.21832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.21832","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139175975","display_name":"Weiyuan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Weiyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139135176","display_name":"Haiping Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Haiping","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139139351","display_name":"Xiaoshan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Xiaoshan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101474428","display_name":"Changqian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4818-2284"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Changqian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139204092","display_name":"Shangshang Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Shangshang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139159713","display_name":"Xingyi Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Xingyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.42969998717308044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.42969998717308044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.19529999792575836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13447","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Assessments","score":0.15469999611377716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.54830002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.53329998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5209000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4912000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4521999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisor","display_name":"Supervisor","score":0.42910000681877136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.823199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5541999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.54830002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5446000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.53329998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5209000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4912000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4521999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779110517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1240788","display_name":"Supervisor","level":2,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93959086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345","display_name":"Model selection","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144352353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920411","display_name":"Computerized adaptive testing","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40506919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452469","display_name":"Sequence learning","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.21832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.21832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.21832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.21832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8549292087554932,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computerized":[0],"Adaptive":[1],"Testing":[2],"(CAT),":[3],"as":[4],"a":[5,80,89],"key":[6],"technology":[7],"for":[8,93],"personalized":[9],"education,":[10],"aims":[11],"to":[12,87,128,143],"accurately":[13],"assess":[14],"examinee":[15,103],"proficiency":[16],"by":[17,31,42],"retrieving":[18],"exercises":[19],"dynamically":[20],"matching":[21],"current":[22],"ability":[23,162,176],"estimates.":[24],"However,":[25],"existing":[26],"CAT":[27,71],"research":[28,59],"is":[29],"constrained":[30],"limitations":[32],"of":[33],"static":[34,55],"offline":[35,46],"data":[36,168],"and":[37,108,124,132,140,146,167,178,185],"isolated":[38,62],"component":[39],"optimization.":[40],"Restricted":[41],"partial":[43],"labels":[44],"in":[45],"logs,":[47],"researchers":[48],"degrade":[49],"the":[50,69,150],"dynamic":[51,94],"assessment":[52],"process":[53],"into":[54],"sequence":[56],"prediction.":[57],"Current":[58],"focuses":[60],"on":[61,114,154],"perspectives,":[63],"e.g.,":[64],"selection":[65,119,180],"or":[66],"diagnosis,":[67],"neglecting":[68],"overall":[70],"interaction":[72,165],"process.":[73],"To":[74,148],"address":[75],"this,":[76],"we":[77,152],"propose":[78],"AgentCAT,":[79],"Large":[81],"Language":[82],"Model-based":[83],"multi-agent":[84],"simulation":[85],"system,":[86],"construct":[88],"high-fidelity":[90],"benchmarking":[91],"environment":[92],"testing.":[95],"This":[96],"framework":[97],"comprises":[98],"three":[99,159],"modules:":[100],"(1)":[101],"The":[102,118,136],"agent":[104,120],"with":[105,189],"memory":[106],"retrieval":[107],"Chain-of-Thought":[109],"reasoning":[110],"simulates":[111],"responses":[112],"based":[113],"cognitive":[115],"profiles;":[116],"(2)":[117],"uses":[121,138],"coarse-to-fine":[122],"bucketing":[123],"knowledge":[125],"graph":[126],"exploration":[127],"balance":[129],"local":[130],"difficulty":[131,183],"global":[133],"coverage;":[134],"(3)":[135],"supervisor":[137],"dual-auditing":[139],"robust":[141],"update":[142],"ensure":[144],"convergence":[145],"validity.":[147],"validate":[149],"framework,":[151],"evaluated":[153],"two":[155],"real-world":[156],"datasets":[157],"across":[158],"dimensions:":[160],"macro-level":[161],"convergence,":[163],"micro-level":[164],"logic,":[166],"sparsity":[169],"resilience.":[170],"Results":[171],"show":[172],"AgentCAT":[173],"achieves":[174],"effective":[175],"estimation,":[177],"its":[179],"strategy":[181],"balances":[182],"adaptation":[184],"instructional":[186],"coherence,":[187],"aligning":[188],"human":[190],"pedagogical":[191],"intuition.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-24T00:00:00"}
