{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165385473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.19790","title":"The Orchestration Gap: Why Process Automation Stalls in Operationally Complex Industries","display_name":"The Orchestration Gap: Why Process Automation Stalls in Operationally Complex Industries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165385473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.19790"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.19790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.19790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.19790","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112625169","display_name":"Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao, Jiechao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139019708","display_name":"Yuandong Pan. Yuangang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Yuandong Pan. Yuangang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138997124","display_name":"Jie Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138985697","display_name":"Kincho Law","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Law, Kincho","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120250323","display_name":"Michael Lepech","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lepech, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.3617999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.3617999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.13099999725818634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13287","display_name":"Robotic Process Automation Applications","score":0.047600001096725464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6432999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.412200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.3666999936103821}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6432999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.412200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21457203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4056293","display_name":"Process automation system","level":3,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.19790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.19790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.19790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.19790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agentic":[0],"systems":[1],"have":[2,11],"advanced":[3],"quickly":[4],"on":[5,160],"digitally":[6],"native":[7],"tasks,":[8],"yet":[9],"they":[10],"barely":[12],"touched":[13],"the":[14,27,43,67,145,156,183],"industries":[15],"where":[16],"coordinated":[17],"automation":[18,147],"could":[19],"matter":[20],"most:":[21],"logistics,":[22],"healthcare":[23],"operations,":[24],"construction,":[25],"and":[26,37,80,120,126,151],"many":[28,38],"sectors":[29],"whose":[30],"work":[31],"is":[32,45,111,118,124,149,169,175],"spread":[33],"across":[34],"incompatible":[35],"tools":[36],"hands.":[39],"We":[40,84,93,139,180],"argue":[41],"that":[42,69,105,122],"reason":[44],"a":[46,58,89,103,109,127,136,161],"missing":[47],"abstraction.":[48],"The":[49],"value":[50],"in":[51],"these":[52],"settings":[53],"does":[54],"not":[55],"come":[56],"from":[57,65,112],"single":[59],"capable":[60],"model":[61],"invocation;":[62],"it":[63],"comes":[64],"\\emph{orchestration},":[66],"runtime":[68],"coordinates":[70],"multi-step":[71],"workflows,":[72],"enforces":[73],"hard":[74],"domain":[75],"constraints,":[76],"manages":[77],"human":[78],"approval,":[79],"bridges":[81],"legacy":[82],"systems.":[83],"develop":[85],"this":[86,186],"idea":[87],"into":[88],"usable":[90],"conceptual":[91],"frame.":[92],"give":[94],"an":[95],"operational":[96],"test":[97],"for":[98],"which":[99,152],"workflows":[100],"are":[101],"orchestration-bound,":[102],"decomposition":[104],"separates":[106],"how":[107,113],"tangled":[108],"workflow":[110],"much":[114],"of":[115,130,165],"its":[116],"effort":[117],"coordination":[119,123],"what":[121],"worth,":[125],"feature-level":[128],"account":[129],"why":[131],"today's":[132],"multi-agent":[133],"frameworks":[134],"leave":[135],"specific":[137],"gap.":[138],"then":[140],"advance":[141],"our":[142],"central":[143],"claim:":[144],"right":[146],"path":[148],"staged,":[150],"architectural":[153],"guarantee":[154],"carries":[155],"most":[157],"weight":[158],"depends":[159],"sector's":[162],"dominant":[163],"source":[164],"friction.":[166,179],"Constraint":[167],"enforcement":[168],"load-bearing":[170,176],"under":[171,177],"regulatory":[172],"friction;":[173],"explainability":[174],"liability":[178],"close":[181],"with":[182],"research":[184],"program":[185],"view":[187],"implies.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-20T00:00:00"}
