{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165152889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18851","title":"From Tokens to Energy Flexibility: Quantization-Enabled Demand Response for Data Centers with LLM Inference Workloads","display_name":"From Tokens to Energy Flexibility: Quantization-Enabled Demand Response for Data Centers with LLM Inference Workloads","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165152889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18851"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.18851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18851","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113352002","display_name":"Bojun Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du, Bojun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008437864","display_name":"Xiaoyi Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-5957"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan, Xiaoyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138879892","display_name":"Ershun Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du, Ershun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138949448","display_name":"Long Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Long","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138897878","display_name":"Jianpei Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han, Jianpei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138877967","display_name":"Qingchun Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hou, Qingchun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138939565","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124090589","display_name":"Chongqing Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang, Chongqing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.7361999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.7361999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.0723000019788742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.025699999183416367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.698199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6843000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6284999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.3522999882698059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7339000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.698199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6843000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6284999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85924503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282546","display_name":"Dispatchable generation","level":4,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107524782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40164","display_name":"Lever","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776517139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873442","display_name":"Asset management","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778058735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4692253","display_name":"Aggregate data","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.260699987411499}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.18851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.18851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8514196872711182,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,67,116],"large":[4],"language":[5],"model":[6,81,104,124,130,180],"(LLM)":[7],"inference":[8,50,98],"is":[9,105,125,143],"creating":[10],"significant":[11],"data-center":[12,29,169,190],"loads":[13],"that":[14,163],"face":[15],"increasing":[16],"energy-management":[17],"challenges":[18],"under":[19],"tightening":[20],"grid":[21],"conditions":[22],"and":[23,36,40,70,135,152],"demand":[24,51],"response":[25],"(DR)":[26],"requirements.":[27],"Conventional":[28],"energy":[30,42,92,191],"management":[31,93],"mainly":[32],"relies":[33],"on":[34],"temporal":[35],"spatial":[37],"workload":[38],"shifting":[39],"campus-level":[41],"asset":[43],"scheduling,":[44],"but":[45],"it":[46],"usually":[47],"treats":[48],"LLM":[49,68,97,189],"as":[52,80,182],"an":[53,183],"aggregate":[54],"load.":[55],"As":[56],"a":[57,90,102,113,120,139],"result,":[58],"these":[59],"approaches":[60],"fail":[61],"to":[62,107,112,127],"exploit":[63],"the":[64,73,156,164],"internal":[65],"characteristics":[66],"serving":[69],"therefore":[71],"overlook":[72],"flexibility":[74,185],"offered":[75],"by":[76,148,172],"LLM-specific":[77],"techniques":[78],"such":[79],"quantization.":[82],"To":[83],"unlock":[84],"this":[85,87],"flexibility,":[86],"paper":[88],"proposes":[89],"quantization-enabled":[91,122,157],"framework":[94,166],"for":[95,129,145,187],"grid-responsive":[96,188],"data":[99],"centers.":[100],"First,":[101],"quantization-to-power":[103],"established":[106],"map":[108],"each":[109],"model--quantization":[110],"configuration":[111],"compact":[114],"set":[115],"dispatchable":[117],"parameters.":[118],"Second,":[119],"two-stage":[121],"DR":[123,146,158],"developed":[126],"account":[128],"instance":[131],"switching,":[132],"request":[133],"routing,":[134],"precision":[136],"selection.":[137],"Third,":[138],"multi-campus":[140],"co-optimization":[141],"method":[142],"introduced":[144],"participation":[147],"integrating":[149],"grid-side":[150],"electricity":[151],"carbon":[153],"signals":[154],"with":[155],"model.":[159],"Case":[160],"studies":[161],"show":[162],"proposed":[165],"reduces":[167],"total":[168],"operating":[170],"cost":[171],"34.3\\%":[173],"without":[174],"curtailing":[175],"served":[176],"token":[177],"volume,":[178],"validating":[179],"quantization":[181],"effective":[184],"lever":[186],"management.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-19T00:00:00"}