{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165183551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18789","title":"PowerAgentBench-SS: A Benchmark for Agentic AI in Power System Steady-State Studies","display_name":"PowerAgentBench-SS: A Benchmark for Agentic AI in Power System Steady-State Studies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165183551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18789"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.18789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18789","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006162624","display_name":"C. Mylonas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-5402"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mylonas, Costas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012068904","display_name":"Magda Foti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2702-9140"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Foti, Magda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099127105","display_name":"Andrea Pomarico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6677-6399"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pomarico, Andrea","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108169483","display_name":"Matheus Duarte","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duarte, Matheus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036390522","display_name":"Q. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046309517","display_name":"Emmanouel Varvarigos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4942-1362"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varvarigos, Emmanouel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.1623000055551529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.1623000055551529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.07649999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.06769999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.8754000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6908000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3628000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.8754000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6908000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6263999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80519477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532236","display_name":"Scenario testing","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92446256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306762","display_name":"Data validation","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.18789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.18789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.668915331363678,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power":[0],"system":[1,69],"benchmarks":[2,13],"usually":[3],"evaluate":[4],"numerical":[5],"solvers,":[6],"prediction":[7],"models,":[8],"or":[9,183],"sequential":[10],"controllers.":[11],"These":[12],"are":[14,189],"necessary,":[15],"but":[16,196],"they":[17],"do":[18],"not":[19,191],"directly":[20],"test":[21],"whether":[22],"a":[23,35,59,82,86,93,147],"Large":[24],"Language":[25],"Model":[26],"(LLM)":[27],"agent":[28,107],"can":[29],"execute":[30],"an":[31,51,90,163],"engineering":[32],"workflow:":[33],"inspect":[34],"grid":[36],"case,":[37],"select":[38],"tools,":[39],"call":[40],"simulators,":[41],"screen":[42],"contingencies,":[43],"propose":[44],"admissible":[45],"mitigations,":[46],"validate":[47],"results,":[48],"and":[49,71,85,99,113,134,173,209],"produce":[50],"auditable":[52],"evidence":[53,111],"trail.":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"introduces":[57],"PowerAgentBench-SS,":[58],"steady-state":[60],"benchmark":[61,75],"framework":[62,140],"for":[63],"evaluating":[64],"tool-using":[65],"agents":[66,188],"in":[67,146],"power":[68],"operation":[70],"planning":[72],"studies.":[73],"The":[74,178],"exposes":[76],"public":[77],"case":[78],"data,":[79],"action":[80,130],"constraints,":[81],"tool":[83,109],"API,":[84],"validation":[87],"budget":[88],"to":[89],"agent,":[91],"while":[92],"hidden":[94],"evaluator":[95],"recomputes":[96],"physical":[97],"validity":[98],"scores":[100],"the":[101,106,139,144],"submitted":[102,117],"report.":[103],"We":[104],"define":[105],"interface,":[108],"contract,":[110],"log,":[112],"risk-sensitive":[114],"metrics,":[115],"including":[116],"recall,":[118,120,122],"evidence-backed":[119,207],"found":[121],"false-safe":[123],"penalties,":[124],"severity":[125],"regret,":[126],"residual":[127],"violation":[128],"score,":[129],"cost,":[131],"tool-use":[132],"efficiency,":[133],"workflow":[135],"diagnostics.":[136],"To":[137],"make":[138],"concrete,":[141],"we":[142],"instantiate":[143],"protocol":[145],"reproducible":[148],"DC":[149],"thermal":[150],"N-2":[151],"contingency-search":[152],"pilot":[153],"on":[154],"deterministic":[155],"IEEE":[156],"39-bus":[157],"operating-point":[158],"variants,":[159],"with":[160],"scripted":[161],"baselines,":[162],"LLM":[164,171],"JSON-command":[165],"adapter,":[166],"three":[167],"locally":[168],"hosted":[169],"Ollama":[170],"agents,":[172],"one":[174],"OpenAI":[175],"API":[176],"agent.":[177],"results":[179],"show":[180],"why":[181],"solver-only":[182],"answer-only":[184],"evaluation":[185],"is":[186],"insufficient:":[187],"distinguished":[190],"only":[192],"by":[193,198],"top-contingency":[194],"discovery,":[195],"also":[197],"validation-budget":[199],"use,":[200],"explicit":[201],"submission,":[202],"type":[203],"coercions,":[204],"duplicate":[205],"validations,":[206],"reporting,":[208],"mitigation":[210],"behavior.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-19T00:00:00"}
