{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165129305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18453","title":"LLM Parameters for Math Across Languages: Shared or Separate?","display_name":"LLM Parameters for Math Across Languages: Shared or Separate?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165129305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18453"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.18453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18453","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128651565","display_name":"Behzad Shomali","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shomali, Behzad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138901316","display_name":"Luisa Victor","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor, Luisa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138877069","display_name":"Tim Selbach","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selbach, Tim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014550117","display_name":"Ali Hamza Bashir","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bashir, Ali Hamza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138916862","display_name":"David Berghaus","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berghaus, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112027775","display_name":"Joachim Koehler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koehler, Joachim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091517743","display_name":"M Haider Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali, Mehdi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138838654","display_name":"Markus Frey","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frey, Markus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.4066999852657318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.4066999852657318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10130","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","score":0.04190000146627426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.0414000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.657800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-model","display_name":"Mathematical model","score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-logic","display_name":"Mathematical logic","score":0.2946000099182129}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.657800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47884741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166618","display_name":"Mathematical logic","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172347087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3217196","display_name":"Language of mathematics","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153046414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12482","display_name":"Set theory","level":3,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.18453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.18453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.18453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8671205043792725,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"exhibit":[4,63],"substantial":[5],"cross-lingual":[6,34,65,118],"variation":[7],"in":[8,40,72,104],"mathematical":[9,38,52],"reasoning":[10,39,53],"performance,":[11],"but":[12,114],"it":[13],"remains":[14],"unclear":[15],"whether":[16],"these":[17],"differences":[18],"reflect":[19],"language-specific":[20],"parameters":[21,49,62],"or":[22],"a":[23,33],"shared":[24],"mechanism":[25],"that":[26,50,58,79,101],"manifests":[27],"differently":[28],"by":[29],"language.":[30],"We":[31,56,76],"present":[32],"mechanistic":[35],"analysis":[36],"of":[37,86,95],"LLMs,":[41],"enabling":[42],"us":[43],"to":[44],"localize":[45],"and":[46],"compare":[47],"model":[48,74],"support":[51],"across":[54],"languages.":[55],"find":[57],"the":[59,68,83],"extracted":[60],"math-associated":[61],"partial":[64,117],"overlap,":[66],"with":[67,121],"strongest":[69],"overlap":[70,120],"concentrated":[71],"intermediate":[73],"layers.":[75],"further":[77],"observe":[78],"English":[80],"consistently":[81],"produces":[82],"largest":[84],"set":[85],"math-relevant":[87],"parameters,":[88],"whereas":[89],"lower-resource":[90],"languages":[91],"reveal":[92],"smaller":[93],"sets":[94],"relevant":[96],"parameters.":[97],"These":[98],"results":[99],"suggest":[100],"math-related":[102],"behavior":[103],"multilingual":[105],"LLMs":[106],"is":[107],"neither":[108],"fully":[109,112],"language-invariant":[110],"nor":[111],"language-specific,":[113],"instead":[115],"exhibits":[116],"parameter":[119],"systematic":[122],"language-dependent":[123],"differences.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-19T00:00:00"}
