{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165013303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.17362","title":"DriveJudge: Rethinking Autonomous Driving Evaluation with Vision-Language Models","display_name":"DriveJudge: Rethinking Autonomous Driving Evaluation with Vision-Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165013303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.17362"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.17362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.17362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.17362","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138802096","display_name":"Xinglong Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Xinglong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137757381","display_name":"Kevin Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie, Kevin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014373655","display_name":"Jenny Schmalfu\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-927X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schmalfuss, Jenny","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016763503","display_name":"Despoina Paschalidou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9079-3835"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paschalidou, Despoina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138776529","display_name":"Xiuming Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Xiuming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070642269","display_name":"Sanja Fidler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1040-3260"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fidler, Sanja","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041189908","display_name":"Kashyap Chitta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-3230"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chitta, Kashyap","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138823161","display_name":"Jose M. Alvarez","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvarez, Jose M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.8662999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.8662999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.034699998795986176,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.031599998474121094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7315999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7127000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6761999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.57669997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5333999991416931}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7315999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7127000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6761999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5931000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.57669997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5333999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777868144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239817","display_name":"Preference elicitation","level":3,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018391801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741490","display_name":"Self driving","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019674815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999646","display_name":"Car driving","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.17362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.17362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.17362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.17362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"driving":[1,18,26,53,69,106,114,131,151,176],"has":[2],"shifted":[3],"towards":[4],"end-to-end":[5],"policy":[6,11],"learning,":[7],"where":[8],"reliable,":[9],"interpretable":[10,31,60,173],"evaluation":[12,70,75],"is":[13,20,58,67,116],"a":[14,55,68,100,169],"fundamental":[15],"challenge":[16],"as":[17],"quality":[19,152],"highly":[21],"context-dependent.":[22],"Commonly":[23],"used":[24],"rule-based":[25],"metrics":[27],"like":[28],"EPDMS":[29,149],"are":[30,39],"but":[32,41],"lack":[33],"context-awareness,":[34],"while":[35],"recent":[36,159],"VLMbased":[37],"evaluations":[38],"context-aware":[40],"limited":[42],"by":[43,154,166],"ambiguous":[44],"VLM":[45],"outputs":[46],"and":[47,61,81,95,134,143,157,174],"weak":[48],"physical":[49],"grounding.":[50],"To":[51,93],"evaluate":[52,96],"in":[54,118],"manner":[56],"that":[57,72],"both":[59],"context-aware,":[62],"we":[63,98,125],"introduce":[64,135],"DriveJudge.":[65],"DriveJudge":[66,147],"agent":[71],"combines":[73],"rule-grounded":[74],"with":[76,108],"Vision-Language":[77],"Model":[78],"(VLM)":[79],"reasoning":[80],"selectively":[82],"invokes":[83],"physically-grounded":[84],"deterministic":[85],"rule":[86],"functions":[87],"after":[88],"interpreting":[89],"the":[90,113,119,127,158],"environmental":[91],"context.":[92],"train":[94],"DriveJudge,":[97],"curate":[99],"large-scale":[101],"dataset":[102],"of":[103,130],"33,577":[104],"challenging":[105],"samples":[107],"human":[109],"annotations":[110],"on":[111],"whether":[112],"behavior":[115],"reasonable":[117],"given":[120],"scenario.":[121],"With":[122],"this":[123],"dataset,":[124],"address":[126],"underexplored":[128],"problem":[129],"metric":[132],"evaluation,":[133],"two":[136],"human-aligned":[137],"benchmark":[138],"tasks:":[139],"Driving":[140],"Quality":[141],"Classification":[142],"Trajectory":[144],"Preference":[145],"Selection.":[146],"outperforms":[148],"for":[150,162,172],"classification":[153],"21.23":[155],"AUC,":[156],"VLM-based":[160],"DriveCritic":[161],"trajectory":[163],"preference":[164],"selection":[165],"6.5%,":[167],"setting":[168],"new":[170],"standard":[171],"precise":[175],"evaluation.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-18T00:00:00"}
