{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164884737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.16902","title":"Binary Tracking for Spatial QA and Navigation with Open Vision-Language Models","display_name":"Binary Tracking for Spatial QA and Navigation with Open Vision-Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164884737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.16902"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.16902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.16902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.16902","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138710442","display_name":"Dongbin Na","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na, Dongbin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138715882","display_name":"Chanwoo Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim, Chanwoo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129821336","display_name":"Soonbin Rho","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rho, Soonbin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070116399","display_name":"\ucd5c\uae30\uc724","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choi, Giyun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138716316","display_name":"Gangbok Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Gangbok","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024995460","display_name":"Dooyoung Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-4768"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong, Dooyoung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.7936999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.7936999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.04969999939203262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.018200000748038292,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traverse","display_name":"Traverse","score":0.6187000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5212000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.43290001153945923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176809094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401496","display_name":"Traverse","level":2,"score":0.6187000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5212000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817354","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777472644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16968992","display_name":"Approximate inference","level":3,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86369673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203659","display_name":"Simultaneous localization and mapping","level":4,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.16902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.16902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.16902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.16902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,110],"work":[1,111,209],"addresses":[2],"spatial":[3],"question":[4],"answering":[5],"for":[6,58,89],"service":[7],"robots":[8,62],"traversing":[9],"long":[10],"egocentric":[11],"routes.":[12],"Given":[13],"a":[14,22,33,87,114,128,133,146,200,212,222],"query":[15],"such":[16,55,188],"as":[17,56,189],"\"where":[18],"can":[19,40,97],"I":[20],"find":[21],"dry":[23],"cleaner":[24],"on":[25,52,72,168,226],"the":[26,30,65,100,124,137,163,169,173,176,230,235,244,249],"way":[27],"back":[28],"home?\",":[29],"system":[31],"returns":[32],"metric":[34],"coordinate":[35],"that":[36,96,122,180],"downstream":[37],"navigation":[38],"components":[39],"act":[41],"on.":[42],"Prior":[43],"Spatial":[44,92],"Question":[45,93],"Answering":[46,94],"approaches":[47,95],"leverage":[48],"retrieval-augmented":[49],"agents":[50,187],"built":[51],"closed-source":[53,74,165],"models":[54,75],"GPT-4o":[57],"path":[59],"exploration.":[60],"However,":[61],"operating":[63],"in":[64,105],"real":[66,223],"world":[67],"often":[68],"cannot":[69],"reliably":[70],"depend":[71],"online":[73],"due":[76],"to":[77,154],"network":[78],"instability,":[79],"communication":[80],"latency,":[81],"and":[82,160,214,242,255],"deployment":[83],"cost.":[84],"It":[85,148,233],"creates":[86],"need":[88],"open-source":[90,119,158],"based":[91],"run":[98],"onboard":[99],"robot,":[101],"yet":[102,116],"prior":[103],"research":[104],"this":[106,208],"direction":[107],"remains":[108],"limited.":[109],"proposes":[112],"BinTrack,":[113],"simple":[115],"effective,":[117],"fully":[118],"spatial-localization":[120],"agent":[121],"leverages":[123],"temporal":[125],"ordering":[126],"of":[127,172],"robot's":[129,245],"trajectory.":[130],"BinTrack":[131],"performs":[132],"binary":[134],"search":[135],"over":[136,156,204],"trajectory":[138],"segments":[139],"between":[140],"two":[141],"anchor":[142],"landmarks":[143],"identified":[144],"from":[145],"query.":[147],"improves":[149],"overall":[150],"accuracy":[151],"by":[152,220],"up":[153],"22.8%":[155],"other":[157],"implementations":[159],"even":[161],"matches":[162],"reported":[164],"model":[166],"result":[167],"global":[170],"category":[171],"SpaceLocQA":[174],"benchmark,":[175],"most":[177],"challenging":[178],"setting":[179],"has":[181],"so":[182],"far":[183],"required":[184],"strong":[185],"reasoning":[186],"GPT-4o.":[190],"Furthermore,":[191],"its":[192],"optimized":[193],"inference":[194,202],"strategy":[195],"consistently":[196],"yields":[197],"more":[198],"than":[199],"1.5x":[201],"speedup":[203],"previous":[205],"approaches.":[206],"Finally,":[207],"releases":[210],"GangnamLoop,":[211],"novel":[213],"practical":[215],"multi-trip":[216],"outdoor":[217,240],"benchmark":[218],"collected":[219],"deploying":[221],"quadruped":[224],"robot":[225],"public":[227],"streets":[228],"with":[229,248],"anonymization":[231],"policy.":[232],"revisits":[234],"same":[236],"locations":[237],"under":[238],"different":[239],"conditions":[241],"pairs":[243],"low":[246],"viewpoint":[247],"human":[250],"owner's.":[251],"The":[252],"source":[253],"codes":[254],"datasets":[256],"are":[257],"publicly":[258],"available":[259],"at":[260],"https://github.com/ndb796/BinaryTracking":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-17T00:00:00"}
