{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164934150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.15809","title":"AttackonCTF: Defending Hardware Security Competition Benchmarks in the Age of LLMs","display_name":"AttackonCTF: Defending Hardware Security Competition Benchmarks in the Age of LLMs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164934150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.15809"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.15809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.15809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.15809","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090473338","display_name":"Mohamadreza Rostami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7293-2733"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rostami, Mohamadreza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060254215","display_name":"N Nimai Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Singh, Nikhilesh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137879232","display_name":"Stephen Muttathil","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muttathil, Stephen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045570758","display_name":"Lichao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-732X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Lichao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138739639","display_name":"Chen Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138729781","display_name":"Huimin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Huimin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129903547","display_name":"Jeyavijayan Rajendran","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajendran, Jeyavijayan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138749170","display_name":"Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadeghi, Ahmad-Reza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.3416999876499176,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.3416999876499176,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.3239000141620636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.20309999585151672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.833299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.8201000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6406000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.607699990272522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.833299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.8201000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6406000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6373000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.607699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.555400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.15809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.15809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.15809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.15809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6628586649894714,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hardware":[0],"security":[1,33],"competitions":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4,7],"HackTheSilicon":[5],"serve":[6],"benchmarking":[8],"platforms":[9],"for":[10,16,60],"evaluating":[11],"vulnerability":[12],"detection":[13,44,82],"methods":[14],"and":[15,19,70,90],"training":[17],"humans":[18],"AI.":[20],"However,":[21],"our":[22],"study":[23],"reveals":[24],"that":[25],"LLMs":[26],"threaten":[27],"their":[28],"validity.":[29],"Instead":[30],"of":[31],"genuine":[32],"reasoning,":[34],"detectors":[35],"exploit":[36],"a":[37],"diff-style":[38],"syntactic":[39],"comparison,":[40],"achieving":[41],"an":[42],"83%":[43],"rate,":[45],"undermining":[46],"fair":[47],"evaluation.":[48],"To":[49],"mitigate":[50],"this,":[51],"we":[52],"propose":[53],"the":[54,78],"first":[55],"LLM-oriented,":[56],"semantics-preserving":[57],"obfuscation":[58,89],"framework":[59,79],"these":[61],"benchmarks.":[62],"Unlike":[63],"IP-protection":[64],"approaches,":[65],"it":[66],"applies":[67],"human-readable":[68],"transformations":[69],"controlled":[71],"diff-noise":[72],"while":[73],"preserving":[74],"functionality.":[75],"On":[76],"HackTheSilicon,":[77],"reduces":[80],"LLM-based":[81],"accuracy":[83],"by":[84,91],"50%":[85],"with":[86],"only":[87],"10%":[88],"78.6%":[92],"under":[93],"complete":[94],"obfuscation,":[95],"restoring":[96],"benchmark":[97],"reliability.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-17T00:00:00"}