{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164846088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.14199","title":"OdysSim: Building Foundation Models for Human Behavior Simulation","display_name":"OdysSim: Building Foundation Models for Human Behavior Simulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164846088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.14199"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.14199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.14199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.14199","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113903386","display_name":"X J Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Xuhui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138629504","display_name":"Weiwei Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Weiwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138638360","display_name":"Weihua Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du, Weihua","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138641262","display_name":"Jiarui Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Jiarui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138656552","display_name":"Haojia Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Haojia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109597339","display_name":"Q L","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Qianou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138628905","display_name":"Tongshuang Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Tongshuang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138642640","display_name":"Yiming Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Yiming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138652601","display_name":"Maarten Sap","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sap, Maarten","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.0989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.0989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.09229999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.09210000187158585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.599399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5831999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5634999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5471000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.37720000743865967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6071000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.599399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5831999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5634999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5471000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5231999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78639753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318160","display_name":"Behavioral modeling","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989277270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168338","display_name":"Behavioral analysis","level":2,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117035363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769299","display_name":"Human behavior","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993776861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Open domain","level":3,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2671000063419342}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.14199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.14199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.14199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.14199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2,45,199],"are":[3,144],"increasingly":[4],"deployed":[5],"as":[6],"human":[7,49],"simulators":[8],"for":[9],"interactive":[10],"evaluation":[11],"and":[12,71,97,107,139,151,154,183],"social":[13,91,140],"simulation.":[14],"Yet":[15],"helpfulness-driven":[16],"post-training":[17],"pulls":[18],"them":[19,189],"toward":[20],"a":[21,28,56],"homogeneous,":[22],"overly":[23],"agreeable":[24],"assistant":[25],"register,":[26],"creating":[27],"behavioral":[29,41,197],"Sim2Real":[30],"gap.":[31],"We":[32,53,174,206],"present":[33],"OdysSim,":[34],"the":[35,81,94,134,202],"largest":[36],"open":[37,112],"systematic":[38],"investigation":[39],"of":[40,58,122],"foundation":[42,198],"models,":[43],"i.e.,":[44],"trained":[46],"to":[47,158,210],"simulate":[48],"behavior":[50],"at":[51],"scale.":[52],"propose":[54],"SOUL,":[55],"taxonomy":[57],"five":[59],"capability":[60],"axes":[61],"(CONV,":[62],"SS,":[63],"COG,":[64],"ROLE,":[65],"EVAL)":[66],"that":[67,177,184,196],"unifies":[68],"62":[69],"datasets":[70],"23":[72,123],"benchmark":[73],"tasks":[74],"under":[75],"one":[76],"framework.":[77],"Specifically,":[78],"we":[79],"curate":[80],"OdysSim":[82],"corpus":[83],"(21.4M":[84],"interactions,":[85],"10B":[86],"tokens,":[87],"retrofitted":[88],"with":[89,133],"back-generated":[90],"contexts),":[92],"construct":[93],"SOUL-Index":[95],"benchmark,":[96],"develop":[98],"an":[99],"end-to-end":[100],"training":[101,204],"recipe":[102],"combining":[103],"midtraining,":[104],"task-specific":[105],"RL,":[106],"expert":[108],"distillation.":[109],"The":[110],"resulting":[111],"8B":[113],"OSim":[114],"model":[115,129],"ranks":[116],"first":[117],"or":[118],"tied-first":[119],"on":[120,137,162,168],"8":[121],"tasks,":[124],"outperforming":[125],"any":[126],"individual":[127],"frontier":[128],"by":[130],"this":[131],"count,":[132],"strongest":[135],"gains":[136],"conversational":[138],"tasks.":[141],"Its":[142],"outputs":[143],"also":[145],"more":[146],"human-like":[147],"in":[148],"length,":[149],"formatting,":[150],"word":[152],"choice,":[153],"it":[155],"transfers":[156],"zero-shot":[157],"out-of-distribution":[159],"user":[160],"simulation":[161],"$\u03c4$-bench,":[163],"nearly":[164],"matching":[165],"real":[166],"users":[167],"reaction":[169],"alignment":[170],"(93.2":[171],"vs.":[172],"93.5).":[173],"further":[175],"show":[176],"LLM-as-judge":[178],"RL":[179],"induces":[180],"reward-hacking":[181],"patterns,":[182],"our":[185,193],"detectors":[186],"can":[187],"mitigate":[188],"during":[190],"post-training.":[191],"Together,":[192],"findings":[194],"suggest":[195],"require":[200],"rethinking":[201],"LLM":[203],"paradigm.":[205],"release":[207],"all":[208],"artifacts":[209],"support":[211],"future":[212],"research.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-16T00:00:00"}
