{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164861726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.13687","title":"The Frustrometer: Detecting User Frustration in Data Visualization Tasks using Biomarkers and Interaction Patterns","display_name":"The Frustrometer: Detecting User Frustration in Data Visualization Tasks using Biomarkers and Interaction Patterns","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164861726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.13687"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.13687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.13687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.13687","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095767196","display_name":"Johannes Ellemose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9676-6204"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellemose, Johannes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128575200","display_name":"Sophia Wanner","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanner, Sophia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055814440","display_name":"Djordje Slijep\u010devi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-7466"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slijep\u010devi\u0107, Djordje","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138669339","display_name":"Laura Cesar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar, Laura","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138638305","display_name":"Vanessa Leung","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leung, Vanessa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005355207","display_name":"Wolfgang Aigner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5762-1869"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aigner, Wolfgang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138671488","display_name":"Niklas Elmqvist","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elmqvist, Niklas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.6406999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.6406999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.11800000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.04820000007748604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.7332000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frustration","display_name":"Frustration","score":0.7055000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.5310999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactive-visualization","display_name":"Interactive visualization","score":0.4219000041484833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.7332000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38710091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192242","display_name":"Frustration","level":2,"score":0.7055000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6929000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6916000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.5310999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64073096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Interactive visualization","level":3,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59732488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528440","display_name":"Visual analytics","level":3,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185578843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10609775","display_name":"Information visualization","level":3,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6438553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Affective computing","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118530786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14669888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4014850","display_name":"Creative visualization","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.13687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.13687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.13687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.13687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visualization":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2],"largely":[3],"solved":[4],"\\textit{how}":[5],"to":[6,56,245],"help":[7,28],"a":[8,52,72,94,203,242],"stuck":[9,84],"or":[10,88],"frustrated":[11],"user":[12,58,82,181],"--":[13],"through":[14],"interactive":[15,105],"onboarding,":[16],"contextual":[17],"help,":[18],"and":[19,31,42,60,65,123,154,188,247],"active":[20],"guidance.":[21],"The":[22,68],"unsolved":[23],"problem":[24],"is":[25],"\\textit{when}:":[26],"trigger":[27],"too":[29,40],"eagerly":[30],"you":[32],"break":[33],"the":[34,50,138,140,162,166,176,180,193,221,230],"user's":[35],"train":[36],"of":[37,54,71,165,195,232],"thought;":[38],"wait":[39],"long":[41],"they":[43],"have":[44],"already":[45],"gone":[46],"astray.":[47],"We":[48,90,219],"present":[49],"\\textsc{Frustrometer},":[51],"series":[53],"experiments":[55],"predict":[57],"stuckness":[59,248],"frustration":[61,163,217,246],"by":[62,179,223],"fusing":[63],"physiological":[64,149],"interaction":[66],"signals.":[67],"Frustrometer":[69],"consists":[70],"convolutional":[73],"neural":[74],"network":[75],"classifier,":[76],"that":[77,147,210,240],"in":[78,85],"real-time":[79,216],"estimates":[80],"whether":[81],"are":[83,171],"their":[86,130],"task":[87],"not.":[89],"collected":[91],"data":[92,190],"from":[93],"controlled":[95],"study":[96],"where":[97],"14":[98],"participants":[99,128,141],"performed":[100],"analytical":[101],"tasks":[102,139,239],"on":[103],"two":[104],"visualization":[106,238],"dashboards":[107],"while":[108,133],"we":[109,134],"captured":[110],"eye":[111],"movement,":[112],"pupil":[113],"dilation,":[114],"galvanic":[115,155],"skin":[116,156],"response,":[117],"heart-rate,":[118],"head":[119,169],"orientation,":[120],"mouse":[121,199],"dynamics,":[122],"keyboard":[124],"events.":[125],"In":[126],"addition":[127],"assessed":[129],"own":[131],"performance,":[132],"annotated":[135],"when":[136],"during":[137,182],"were":[142],"stuck.":[143],"Our":[144],"results":[145],"reveal":[146],"autonomous":[148],"responses":[150],"such":[151],"as":[152],"heart-rate":[153],"response":[157],"provide":[158],"limited":[159],"insights":[160],"into":[161],"level":[164],"user.":[167],"Similarly,":[168],"orientations":[170],"not":[172],"easily":[173],"correlated":[174],"with":[175,198],"frustrations":[177],"felt":[178],"visual":[183],"analysis":[184],"tasks.":[185],"Mouse":[186],"movements":[187,200],"gaze":[189],"conversely":[191],"carry":[192],"majority":[194],"predictive":[196],"signal,":[197],"alone":[201],"having":[202],"strong":[204],"correlation":[205],"for":[206,215,236],"some":[207],"participants,":[208],"suggesting":[209],"lightweight":[211],"instrumentation":[212],"may":[213],"suffice":[214],"detection.":[218,249],"end":[220],"paper":[222],"discussing":[224],"how":[225],"these":[226],"findings":[227],"can":[228],"inform":[229],"design":[231],"adaptive":[233],"guidance":[234],"systems":[235],"complex":[237],"takes":[241],"multimodal":[243],"approach":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-16T00:00:00"}
