{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164573303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12818","title":"Localizing Anchoring Pathways in Language Models","display_name":"Localizing Anchoring Pathways in Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164573303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12818"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.12818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12818","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138514744","display_name":"Hillary N. Owusu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Owusu, Hillary N.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079108871","display_name":"Sarah Wiegreffe","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wiegreffe, Sarah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016109670","display_name":"Naomi H. Feldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-7497"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feldman, Naomi H.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.29280000925064087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.29280000925064087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.14920000731945038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.13089999556541443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anchoring","display_name":"Anchoring","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5932999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5756000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5584999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-model","display_name":"Mathematical model","score":0.2994000017642975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18483071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168432","display_name":"Anchoring","level":2,"score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6604999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5932999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5756000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5584999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8854915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4350200","display_name":"Information transfer","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.12818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.12818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46795907616615295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Irrelevant":[0],"numbers":[1],"in":[2,13],"a":[3,28,38,94,126],"prompt":[4],"can":[5],"shift":[6],"language":[7,25,137],"model":[8],"judgments,":[9],"producing":[10],"anchoring":[11],"effects":[12],"numerical":[14],"reasoning.":[15],"We":[16,36],"study":[17],"where":[18],"this":[19,80],"anchor-sensitive":[20],"signal":[21,81],"is":[22,111],"carried":[23,135],"inside":[24,136],"models":[26],"using":[27],"controlled":[29],"multiple-choice":[30],"setup":[31],"with":[32,46],"shared":[33,97],"answer":[34,44,48],"options.":[35],"define":[37],"logit-difference":[39],"metric":[40],"comparing":[41],"the":[42,47,52],"correct":[43],"option":[45,49],"corresponding":[50],"to":[51],"anchor,":[53],"and":[54,68,71,88,108],"validate":[55],"that":[56,76,115],"it":[57],"tracks":[58],"behavioral":[59],"anchoring.":[60],"Using":[61],"attribution-based":[62],"circuit":[63],"localization":[64],"on":[65],"7B--8B":[66],"Qwen":[67],"Llama":[69],"base":[70,107],"instruction-tuned":[72,109],"models,":[73],"we":[74],"find":[75],"edge-level":[77],"methods":[78],"recover":[79],"more":[82],"faithfully":[83],"than":[84],"node-level":[85],"methods.":[86],"Low-":[87],"high-anchor":[89],"circuits":[90],"transfer":[91,105],"strongly":[92],"within":[93],"model,":[95],"suggesting":[96],"pathway":[98],"structure":[99],"across":[100,106],"anchor":[101],"direction.":[102],"However,":[103],"sparse":[104],"variants":[110],"less":[112],"reliable,":[113],"indicating":[114],"post-training":[116],"changes":[117],"which":[118],"pathways":[119],"matter":[120],"most.":[121],"Overall,":[122],"our":[123],"results":[124],"provide":[125],"mechanistic":[127],"account":[128],"of":[129],"how":[130],"anchoring-related":[131],"decision":[132],"signals":[133],"are":[134],"models.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-13T00:00:00"}
