{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164299346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12114","title":"Detecting Sensitive Personal Information in Japanese Pre-Training Corpora for Large Language Models","display_name":"Detecting Sensitive Personal Information in Japanese Pre-Training Corpora for Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164299346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12114"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.12114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12114","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135101424","display_name":"Rei Minamoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minamoto, Rei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138433126","display_name":"Yusuke Oda","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oda, Yusuke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102867777","display_name":"Daisuke Kawahara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3598-1027"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kawahara, Daisuke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.44749999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.44749999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.07000000029802322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.03060000017285347,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personally-identifiable-information","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","score":0.6898000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.604200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5135999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.47269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sensitivity","display_name":"Information sensitivity","score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.31060001254081726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7626000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.6898000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.604200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5135999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47839999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.47269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194695470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081067","display_name":"Personal information management","level":4,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776543384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593289","display_name":"Information access","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.12114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.12114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5295905470848083,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sensitive":[0],"personal":[1,44,60,66],"information":[2,18,31,45,67,107],"can":[3,104],"appear":[4],"in":[5,34,49,96,120],"large-scale":[6],"pre-training":[7],"corpora":[8],"for":[9],"large":[10],"language":[11],"models":[12,91],"(LLMs).":[13],"Detecting":[14],"and":[15,28,38,87],"filtering":[16],"such":[17],"is":[19,113],"therefore":[20],"essential":[21],"to":[22,36,92,109,116],"ensure":[23],"compliance":[24],"with":[25],"privacy":[26],"regulations":[27],"prevent":[29],"unintended":[30],"leakage.":[32],"However,":[33],"contrast":[35],"English":[37],"other":[39],"languages,":[40],"research":[41],"into":[42],"sensitive":[43,59],"has":[46],"been":[47],"limited":[48],"the":[50,73,114,125],"Japanese":[51,121],"language.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"study,":[55],"we":[56],"focus":[57],"on":[58,72],"data":[61],"defined":[62],"as":[63],"special":[64],"care-required":[65],"(SCPI)":[68],"under":[69],"Japan's":[70],"Act":[71],"Protection":[74],"of":[75,127],"Personal":[76],"Information":[77],"(APPI).":[78],"We":[79],"construct":[80],"an":[81],"SCPI":[82,95,102,118],"dataset":[83],"using":[84],"LLM-based":[85],"annotation":[86],"train":[88],"machine":[89],"learning":[90],"rapidly":[93],"detect":[94],"text.":[97],"As":[98],"a":[99],"result,":[100],"our":[101],"classifier":[103],"effectively":[105],"identify":[106],"related":[108],"SCPI.":[110],"This":[111],"study":[112],"first":[115],"explore":[117],"detection":[119],"text":[122],"corpora,":[123],"highlighting":[124],"challenges":[126],"accurate":[128],"detection.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-12T00:00:00"}
