{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164315581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12087","title":"FORT-Searcher: Synthesizing Shortcut-Resistant Search Tasks for Training Deep Search Agents","display_name":"FORT-Searcher: Synthesizing Shortcut-Resistant Search Tasks for Training Deep Search Agents","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164315581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12087"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.12087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12087","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138449482","display_name":"Jia Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deng, Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138400576","display_name":"Yimeng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Yimeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138441106","display_name":"Xiaoqing Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang, Xiaoqing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069778905","display_name":"Ziyang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7728-5935"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeng, Ziyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138469190","display_name":"Shuo Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang, Shuo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138471576","display_name":"Wayne Xin Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Wayne Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138447136","display_name":"Feng Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang, Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138452353","display_name":"Chuan Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao, Chuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138439113","display_name":"Yuan Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei, Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138435436","display_name":"Ran Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao, Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138420463","display_name":"Bryan Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dai, Bryan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138409140","display_name":"Ji-Rong Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen, Ji-Rong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.34929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.34929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.11259999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.1031000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.6585000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6184999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4787999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.38260000944137573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7437999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.6585000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6184999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4787999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C831591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59750","display_name":"Bidirectional search","level":5,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19889080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835852","display_name":"Beam search","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.12087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.12087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Training":[0],"deep":[1,141,170],"search":[2,38,42,133,142,166,171],"agents":[3,167],"requires":[4],"verifiable":[5],"questions":[6],"whose":[7],"answers":[8],"remain":[9],"unavailable":[10],"until":[11],"sufficient":[12],"evidence":[13,66,118],"has":[14],"been":[15],"acquired":[16],"through":[17,46],"search.":[18],"Existing":[19],"synthesis":[20],"methods":[21],"often":[22],"increase":[23],"apparent":[24],"difficulty":[25,58],"by":[26,94,111],"enriching":[27],"graph":[28,119],"structures,":[29],"but":[30],"structural":[31],"complexity":[32],"alone":[33],"does":[34],"not":[35],"guarantee":[36],"realized":[37,78],"difficulty:":[39],"the":[40,145,159],"intended":[41],"process":[43],"can":[44],"collapse":[45],"a":[47,56,100],"cheaper":[48],"identifying":[49],"route.":[50],"We":[51],"formalize":[52],"this":[53,95],"gap":[54],"with":[55,151],"shortcut-aware":[57],"framework":[59],"and":[60,72,90,123,134,156],"identify":[61],"four":[62],"actionable":[63],"shortcut":[64,113,136],"risks:":[65],"co-coverage,":[67],"single-clue":[68],"selectivity,":[69],"exposed":[70],"constants,":[71],"prior-knowledge":[73],"binding.":[74],"To":[75],"diagnose":[76],"their":[77],"effects,":[79],"we":[80,97,148],"use":[81],"trajectory":[82],"signatures":[83],"including":[84],"solving":[85],"cost,":[86],"answer":[87],"hit":[88],"time,":[89],"prior-shortcut":[91],"rate.":[92],"Guided":[93],"framework,":[96],"introduce":[98],"FORT,":[99],"Framework":[101],"of":[102],"Shortcut-Resistant":[103],"Training-Data":[104],"Synthesis.":[105],"FORT":[106,129],"constructs":[107],"shortcut-resistant":[108],"training":[109],"data":[110],"controlling":[112],"risks":[114],"across":[115],"entity":[116],"selection,":[117],"construction,":[120],"question":[121],"formulation,":[122],"adversarial":[124],"refinement.":[125],"Experiments":[126],"show":[127],"that":[128],"induces":[130],"longer":[131],"pre-answer":[132],"fewer":[135],"patterns":[137],"than":[138],"existing":[139],"open-source":[140,165],"datasets.":[143],"Using":[144],"resulting":[146],"trajectories,":[147],"train":[149],"FORT-Searcher":[150],"supervised":[152],"fine-tuning":[153],"(SFT)":[154],"only,":[155],"it":[157],"achieves":[158],"best":[160],"overall":[161],"performance":[162],"among":[163],"comparable-size":[164],"on":[168],"challenging":[169],"benchmarks.":[172],"Relevant":[173],"resources":[174],"will":[175],"be":[176],"made":[177],"available":[178],"at":[179],"https://github.com/RUCAIBox/FORT-Searcher.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-12T00:00:00"}