{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164416681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.11260","title":"RAIL: Rethinking Auditory Intelligence in Large Audio-Language Models with a CHC-Grounded Benchmark","display_name":"RAIL: Rethinking Auditory Intelligence in Large Audio-Language Models with a CHC-Grounded Benchmark","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164416681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.11260"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.11260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.11260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.11260","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138413453","display_name":"Hongyu Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin, Hongyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138404229","display_name":"Siyi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Siyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138451808","display_name":"Yang Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao, Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138400009","display_name":"Jiaheng Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong, Jiaheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078899293","display_name":"Shihong Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan, Shihong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138398740","display_name":"Kaiyuan peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"peng, Kaiyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060512840","display_name":"Georgiana Juravle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-6973"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juravle, Georgiana","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138473906","display_name":"Shanquan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Shanquan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138464391","display_name":"Gongping Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Gongping","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138426648","display_name":"Hong Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia, Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138465036","display_name":"Eun-Jung Holden","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holden, Eun-Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138407772","display_name":"James Bailey","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bailey, James","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138414460","display_name":"Ting Dang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dang, Ting","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.3434999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.3434999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.2759999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.13410000503063202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.6664999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.57669997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5508000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-scene-analysis","display_name":"Auditory scene analysis","score":0.49889999628067017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6664999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6195999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.57669997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5508000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38129911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4820038","display_name":"Auditory scene analysis","level":3,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161407221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382939","display_name":"Cognitive model","level":3,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160289","display_name":"Auditory perception","level":3,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119653847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327780","display_name":"Elementary cognitive task","level":3,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2621999979019165}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.11260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.11260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.11260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.11260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6595093607902527,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Humans":[0],"process":[1],"rich":[2],"auditory":[3,48,58,108,129,178],"environments":[4],"through":[5],"tightly":[6],"integrated":[7],"cognitive":[8,49,79,104,160],"capabilities":[9,113],"such":[10],"as":[11],"audio":[12,14,31],"perception,":[13],"reasoning,":[15,32],"and":[16,29,64,114,127,142],"memory.":[17],"Despite":[18],"recent":[19],"progress":[20],"in":[21,62,69,72,100],"large":[22],"audio-language":[23],"models":[24,124,154],"(LALMs)":[25],"across":[26,159],"speech":[27],"understanding":[28],"multimodal":[30],"current":[33,153],"evaluation":[34,97,119,144,166],"paradigms":[35],"remain":[36],"largely":[37],"task-":[38],"or":[39],"modality-centric,":[40],"focusing":[41],"on":[42],"end":[43],"performance":[44,158],"while":[45],"overlooking":[46],"underlying":[47],"behaviours.":[50],"This":[51],"reveals":[52],"a":[53,95,134,164],"fundamental":[54],"gap":[55],"between":[56],"how":[57,65,123],"cognition":[59,109],"is":[60,67],"understood":[61],"humans":[63],"it":[66],"evaluated":[68],"LALMs,":[70,149],"particularly":[71],"the":[73,101],"lack":[74],"of":[75,177],"frameworks":[76],"that":[77,121,152,168],"operationalise":[78],"principles":[80],"beyond":[81,170],"task-level":[82],"metrics":[83],"to":[84],"systematically":[85],"capture":[86],"model":[87],"behaviour.":[88],"In":[89],"this":[90],"work,":[91],"we":[92,150],"introduce":[93],"RAIL,":[94],"human-centric":[96],"paradigm":[98,167],"grounded":[99,136,175],"Cattell-Horn-Carroll":[102],"(CHC)":[103],"framework.":[105],"RAIL":[106,162],"formalises":[107],"into":[110,117],"five":[111],"core":[112],"develop":[115],"them":[116],"structured":[118],"tasks":[120],"probe":[122],"process,":[125],"retain,":[126],"integrate":[128],"information.":[130],"We":[131],"further":[132],"construct":[133],"cognitively":[135,174],"benchmark":[137],"with":[138],"principled":[139],"data":[140],"curation":[141],"human-aligned":[143],"protocols.":[145],"Evaluating":[146],"26":[147],"state-of-the-art":[148],"find":[151],"exhibit":[155],"highly":[156],"uneven":[157],"abilities.":[161],"establishes":[163],"new":[165],"moves":[169],"task-centric":[171],"benchmarking":[172],"toward":[173],"assessment":[176],"intelligence.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-12T00:00:00"}