{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164148171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10581","title":"ParaBridge: Bridging Paralinguistic Perception and Dialogue Behavior in Speech Language Models","display_name":"ParaBridge: Bridging Paralinguistic Perception and Dialogue Behavior in Speech Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164148171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10581"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.10581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10581","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138324152","display_name":"Yuxiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yuxiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105103028","display_name":"Qinke Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ni, Qinke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101297803","display_name":"Shengbo Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai, Shengbo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138362280","display_name":"Wan Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138381317","display_name":"Liqiang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Liqiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138305078","display_name":"Zhizheng Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Zhizheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.335099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.335099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.1987999975681305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.07010000199079514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paralanguage","display_name":"Paralanguage","score":0.9865999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaffold","display_name":"Scaffold","score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosody","display_name":"Prosody","score":0.3203999996185303}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133378560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753225","display_name":"Paralanguage","level":2,"score":0.9865999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5683000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89429830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735710","display_name":"Scaffold","level":2,"score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542774811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10880526","display_name":"Prosody","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541956065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2250680","display_name":"Speech error","level":3,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111370547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451120","display_name":"Sensory cue","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99209842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643696","display_name":"Speech perception","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204495577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1205349","display_name":"Callback","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89267518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179488","display_name":"Psycholinguistics","level":3,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.10581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.10581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4086548388004303,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Speech":[0,29],"carries":[1],"more":[2],"information":[3],"than":[4],"just":[5],"words:":[6],"a":[7,10,14,20,48,93,108,212],"child's":[8],"voice,":[9],"fearful":[11],"tone,":[12],"or":[13,150],"noisy":[15],"background":[16],"should":[17,138],"all":[18,184],"lead":[19],"sufficiently":[21],"competent":[22],"spoken-dialogue":[23],"assistant":[24],"to":[25,163,172,198,206],"different":[26,213],"replies.":[27],"Current":[28],"Language":[30],"Models":[31],"(SLMs)":[32],"can":[33],"recognize":[34],"such":[35],"paralinguistic":[36,50,200],"cues":[37,65,137],"but":[38],"often":[39],"ignore":[40],"them":[41],"in":[42,69],"open-ended":[43],"dialogue.":[44],"We":[45],"observe":[46],"that":[47,62,91],"simple":[49],"instruction":[51],"scaffold":[52,96,104],"at":[53],"the":[54,63,70,103,112,121,140,143,189,193],"inference":[55],"stage":[56],"narrows":[57],"this":[58],"perception-behavior":[59],"gap,":[60],"suggesting":[61],"relevant":[64],"are":[66],"already":[67],"latent":[68],"model.":[71,191],"Such":[72],"scaffolds,":[73],"however,":[74],"remain":[75],"brittle":[76,94],"under":[77],"multi-turn":[78],"context":[79],"and":[80,165,182,209],"competing":[81],"instructions.":[82],"Therefore,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"\\textbf{ParaBridge},":[86],"an":[87],"on-policy":[88],"self-distillation":[89],"method":[90],"turns":[92],"inference-time":[95],"into":[97],"stable":[98],"model":[99,114],"behavior.":[100],"During":[101],"training,":[102],"serves":[105],"only":[106],"as":[107],"temporary":[109],"privileged":[110],"view;":[111],"scaffold-free":[113,158],"rolls":[115],"out":[116],"its":[117,130],"own":[118],"response,":[119],"while":[120],"scaffolded":[122],"view":[123],"supplies":[124],"dense,":[125],"full-vocabulary":[126],"next-token":[127],"targets":[128],"along":[129],"trajectory.":[131],"This":[132],"supervision":[133],"teaches":[134],"when":[135],"non-lexical":[136],"affect":[139],"reply":[141],"without":[142],"need":[144],"for":[145],"curated":[146],"dialogues,":[147],"human":[148],"labels,":[149],"external":[151],"reward":[152],"models.":[153],"On":[154],"Qwen3-Omni-thinking,":[155],"ParaBridge":[156,196],"raises":[157],"VoxSafeBench":[159],"SAR":[160],"from":[161,170,203],"$14.6\\%$":[162],"$40.3\\%$":[164],"improves":[166],"EchoMind":[167],"average":[168],"rating":[169],"$3.27$":[171],"$3.92$.":[173],"It":[174],"also":[175],"preserves":[176],"general":[177],"ability,":[178],"with":[179],"MMAU-Pro,":[180],"VoiceBench,":[181],"GPQA":[183],"within":[185],"$0.4$":[186],"points":[187],"of":[188],"original":[190],"Beyond":[192],"training":[194,205],"distribution,":[195],"generalizes":[197],"unseen":[199],"cues,":[201],"transfers":[202],"safety-oriented":[204],"empathy-oriented":[207],"dialogue,":[208],"works":[210],"on":[211],"SLM":[214],"backbone.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-11T00:00:00"}
