{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164168753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10415","title":"RATrain: A Resource-Aware Training Runtime for Large Language Models on Bandwidth-Constrained Heterogeneous Supercomputing Platforms","display_name":"RATrain: A Resource-Aware Training Runtime for Large Language Models on Bandwidth-Constrained Heterogeneous Supercomputing Platforms","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164168753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10415"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.10415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10415","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138306675","display_name":"Yao Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138394214","display_name":"Shiqing Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Shiqing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138347429","display_name":"Zhongzhi Luan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luan, Zhongzhi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138320967","display_name":"Gen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Gen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138352120","display_name":"Jiaxing Qi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi, Jiaxing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138340185","display_name":"Bin Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han, Bin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138341165","display_name":"Hailong Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Hailong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138364473","display_name":"Depei Qian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian, Depei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.4830000102519989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.4830000102519989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.1607999950647354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.08640000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.7949000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6536999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.5515999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.48559999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.3319000005722046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.7949000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6536999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5667999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5515999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.48559999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989134064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288510","display_name":"Execution time","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135257023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691358","display_name":"Domain-specific language","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780870223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004415","display_name":"Runtime system","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776834041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346349","display_name":"Execution model","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172430144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17111997","display_name":"Symmetric multiprocessor system","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.10415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.10415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.10415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Production":[0],"heterogeneous":[1,69],"supercomputing":[2,70],"platforms":[3],"are":[4],"increasingly":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,36,39,160,173],"host":[8],"large":[9],"language":[10],"model":[11],"(LLM)":[12],"training":[13,18,62,77,126,167],"workloads.":[14],"However,":[15],"existing":[16],"GPU-oriented":[17],"runtimes":[19],"typically":[20],"rely":[21],"on":[22,67,139],"high-bandwidth":[23],"device":[24],"memory,":[25],"fast":[26],"interconnects,":[27],"and":[28,52,84,92,97,109,115,144,151,180],"mature":[29],"collective":[30],"communication":[31],"libraries,":[32],"making":[33],"them":[34],"difficult":[35],"directly":[37],"adapt":[38],"MT-3000,":[40],"a":[41,60,79,120,140,198,204],"platform":[42,143],"with":[43,119,203],"an":[44,103],"explicit":[45,116],"memory":[46],"hierarchy,":[47],"limited":[48],"usable":[49],"DDR":[50],"capacity,":[51],"constrained":[53],"inter-cluster":[54],"communication.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"presents":[58],"RATrain,":[59],"resource-aware":[61,121],"runtime":[63],"for":[64,107],"dense":[65],"LLMs":[66],"bandwidth-constrained":[68],"platforms.":[71],"RATrain":[72,100,138,157,171,192],"formulates":[73],"standard":[74],"non-interleaved":[75],"1F1B":[76],"as":[78],"training-state":[80],"lifecycle":[81],"scheduling":[82],"problem,":[83],"schedules":[85],"gradient":[86],"synchronization,":[87],"parameter":[88],"update,":[89],"parameter-view":[90],"prefetching,":[91],"activation":[93],"recovery":[94],"at":[95],"layer-level":[96],"stage-local":[98],"granularity.":[99],"further":[101,186],"combines":[102],"MT-3000-aware":[104],"execution":[105],"backend":[106],"efficient":[108],"predictable":[110],"FP16":[111],"GEMM,":[112],"Attention":[113],"Backward,":[114],"data":[117],"movement":[118],"planner":[122],"that":[123,156,191],"selects":[124],"feasible":[125],"configurations":[127],"under":[128],"the":[129,194],"20GB":[130],"usable-DDR":[131],"constraint":[132],"per":[133],"compute":[134,175],"cluster.":[135],"We":[136],"implement":[137],"real":[141],"MT-3000":[142],"evaluate":[145],"it":[146],"using":[147],"LLaMA-2-7B,":[148,170],"Baichuan2-13B,":[149],"Qwen2.5-32B,":[150],"LLaMA-2-70B":[152],"configurations.":[153],"Results":[154],"show":[155],"achieves":[158,181],"up":[159],"1.35$\\times$":[161],"end-to-end":[162],"speedup":[163],"over":[164],"MT-3000-adapted":[165],"GPU-style":[166],"strategies.":[168],"For":[169],"scales":[172],"1024":[174],"clusters,":[176],"reaches":[177],"112,790.55":[178],"tokens/s,":[179],"97.0\\%":[182],"scaling":[183],"efficiency.":[184],"A":[185],"1.028B-token":[187],"correctness":[188],"run":[189],"shows":[190],"preserves":[193],"loss":[195,207],"trajectory":[196],"of":[197,209],"semantically":[199],"equivalent":[200],"Baseline-1F1B":[201],"run,":[202],"maximum":[205],"relative":[206],"deviation":[208],"0.081\\%.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-11T00:00:00"}
