{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164000637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09730","title":"SearchSwarm: Towards Delegation Intelligence in Agentic LLMs for Long-Horizon Deep Research","display_name":"SearchSwarm: Towards Delegation Intelligence in Agentic LLMs for Long-Horizon Deep Research","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164000637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09730"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.09730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09730","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109331467","display_name":"Pu Ning","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning, Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138250164","display_name":"Quan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Quan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138201191","display_name":"Kun Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao, Kun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138266958","display_name":"Xinyu Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang, Xinyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138259837","display_name":"Tianshu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Tianshu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138212862","display_name":"Qianggang Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Qianggang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138279418","display_name":"Xinyu Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kong, Xinyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083773395","display_name":"Zujie Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2771-1801"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen, Zujie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138205897","display_name":"Zhiqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5190-440X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Zhiqiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138286379","display_name":"Jun Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.3176000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.3176000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.22930000722408295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.13920000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegation","display_name":"Delegation","score":0.8561999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6105999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.34139999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86532276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184065","display_name":"Delegation","level":2,"score":0.8561999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.66839998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6105999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.25780001282691956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.09730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.09730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2,104,200],"are":[3],"increasingly":[4],"expected":[5],"to":[6,40,64,72,94,98,105,151,155,176,214],"handle":[7],"complex,":[8],"long-horizon":[9,130],"real-world":[10],"tasks":[11,36],"whose":[12],"context":[13,21,53],"demands":[14],"can":[15],"grow":[16],"without":[17],"bound,":[18],"yet":[19],"model":[20,141,181,209],"windows":[22],"remain":[23],"inherently":[24],"finite.":[25],"Recent":[26],"work":[27],"explores":[28],"a":[29,32,122,128,136],"paradigm":[30],"where":[31],"main":[33,51,158],"agent":[34,131],"decomposes":[35],"and":[37,44,70,74,93,102,146,191,211],"dispatches":[38],"subtasks":[39],"subagents,":[41],"which":[42,169],"execute":[43],"return":[45,152],"only":[46],"summarized":[47],"results,":[48],"conserving":[49],"the":[50,62,79,113,140,157,195],"agent's":[52,159],"budget.":[54],"However,":[55],"performing":[56],"this":[57,85,107,118],"well":[58],"requires":[59],"delegation":[60,167,178],"intelligence:":[61],"ability":[63],"decompose":[65],"complex":[66],"tasks,":[67],"determine":[68],"when":[69],"what":[71],"delegate,":[73],"integrate":[75],"returned":[76],"results":[77,153,197],"into":[78,180],"ongoing":[80],"workflow.":[81,160],"Training":[82],"data":[83,101,175,213],"for":[84],"capability":[86,108],"is":[87],"scarce":[88],"in":[89,112],"naturally":[90,164],"occurring":[91],"text,":[92],"our":[95,207],"knowledge,":[96],"how":[97],"synthesize":[99],"such":[100],"train":[103],"acquire":[106],"remains":[109],"largely":[110],"unexplored":[111],"open-source":[114],"community.":[115],"To":[116],"bridge":[117],"gap,":[119],"we":[120,134,170],"present":[121],"preliminary":[123],"exploration":[124],"targeting":[125],"deep":[126],"research,":[127],"representative":[129],"task.":[132],"Specifically,":[133],"design":[135],"harness":[137],"that":[138],"guides":[139],"toward":[142],"high-quality":[143],"task":[144],"decomposition":[145],"delegation,":[147],"while":[148],"constraining":[149],"subagents":[150],"properly":[154],"support":[156],"The":[161],"harness-guided":[162],"trajectories":[163],"encode":[165],"correct":[166],"decisions,":[168],"use":[171],"as":[172],"supervised":[173],"fine-tuning":[174],"internalize":[177],"intelligence":[179],"weights.":[182],"Our":[183],"resulting":[184],"model,":[185],"SearchSwarm-30B-A3B,":[186],"achieves":[187],"68.1":[188],"on":[189,193],"BrowseComp":[190],"73.3":[192],"BrowseComp-ZH,":[194],"best":[196],"among":[198],"all":[199],"of":[201],"comparable":[202],"scale.":[203],"We":[204],"will":[205],"release":[206],"harness,":[208],"weights,":[210],"training":[212],"facilitate":[215],"future":[216],"research.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-10T00:00:00"}