{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164006297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09395","title":"Empirical Study for Structured Output Control in LLMs for Software Engineering","display_name":"Empirical Study for Structured Output Control in LLMs for Software Engineering","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164006297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09395"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.09395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09395","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070561037","display_name":"Yewei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-7515"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song, Yewei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058606449","display_name":"Prateek Rajput","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajput, Prateek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138237685","display_name":"Tiezhu Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Tiezhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009803558","display_name":"Saad Ezzini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7657-4738"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezzini, Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138248534","display_name":"Tegawend\u00e9 F. Bissyand\u00e9","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bissyand\u00e9, Tegawend\u00e9 F.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040326968","display_name":"Jacques Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-475X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klein, Jacques","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5411999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5313000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.3646000027656555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5411999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5313000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.37940001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91071405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413145","display_name":"Program slicing","level":3,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778180026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18378163","display_name":"Semantic heterogeneity","level":4,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.09395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.09395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.09395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LLM-generated":[0],"outputs":[1],"in":[2,7,54,174,202],"software":[3],"engineering":[4],"rarely":[5],"exist":[6],"isolation.":[8],"They":[9],"must":[10],"plug":[11],"into":[12,108],"toolchains,":[13],"APIs,":[14],"and":[15,111,126,151,188,199],"data":[16],"pipelines":[17],"that":[18,29,156,180,194],"impose":[19],"strict,":[20],"often":[21],"organization-specific":[22],"structural":[23,46,82,99,150,197],"contracts.":[24],"A":[25,164],"semantically":[26],"correct":[27],"output":[28],"violates":[30],"the":[31,36,85,120,138,157,190],"expected":[32],"format":[33,87],"is,":[34],"from":[35,41,89],"consuming":[37],"system's":[38],"perspective,":[39],"indistinguishable":[40],"a":[42,75,95,127],"wrong":[43],"answer,":[44],"making":[45],"fidelity":[47,198],"an":[48],"operational":[49],"prerequisite":[50],"for":[51,192],"deploying":[52],"LLMs":[53],"practice.":[55],"Yet":[56],"current":[57,181],"models":[58],"routinely":[59],"produce":[60],"syntactically":[61],"invalid":[62],"or":[63],"structurally":[64],"non-compliant":[65],"outputs.":[66],"Unlike":[67],"encoders,":[68],"autoregressive":[69],"decoders":[70],"generate":[71],"text":[72],"token-by-token":[73],"with":[74],"local":[76],"rather":[77],"than":[78],"global":[79],"focus,":[80],"amplifying":[81],"fragility":[83],"whenever":[84],"target":[86],"deviates":[88],"familiar":[90],"training":[91],"distributions.":[92],"We":[93,114],"present":[94],"systematic":[96],"evaluation":[97],"of":[98,117,140],"reliability":[100],"across":[101],"four":[102],"representative":[103],"SE":[104],"tasks,":[105],"categorizing":[106],"failures":[107],"syntax,":[109],"structural,":[110],"semantic":[112,152,200],"errors.":[113],"benchmark":[115],"ways":[116],"mitigation":[118],"targeting":[119],"decoder:":[121],"grammar-constrained":[122],"decoding,":[123],"regex-based":[124],"validation,":[125],"strict":[128],"template-driven":[129],"control":[130],"(Template":[131],"Token":[132],"Match":[133],"Generation,":[134],"TTMG)":[135],"to":[136],"isolate":[137],"sources":[139],"these":[141],"failures.":[142],"TTMG":[143],"nearly":[144],"eliminates":[145],"syntax":[146,162],"errors,":[147],"yet":[148],"substantial":[149],"errors":[153,172],"persist,":[154],"demonstrating":[155],"core":[158],"bottleneck":[159],"lies":[160],"beyond":[161],"formatting.":[163],"detailed":[165],"case":[166],"study":[167],"further":[168],"illustrates":[169],"how":[170],"residual":[171],"cascade":[173],"downstream":[175],"workflows.":[176,204],"Our":[177],"findings":[178],"show":[179],"structure-enforcing":[182],"tools":[183],"are":[184],"necessary":[185],"but":[186],"insufficient,":[187],"highlight":[189],"need":[191],"approaches":[193],"jointly":[195],"ensure":[196],"correctness":[201],"LLM-driven":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-10T00:00:00"}