{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164053248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08976","title":"RTL-BenchLS: A Large-Scale Benchmark for RTL Reasoning and Generation with Large Language Models","display_name":"RTL-BenchLS: A Large-Scale Benchmark for RTL Reasoning and Generation with Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164053248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08976"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.08976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08976","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138286515","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9281-6151"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138274450","display_name":"Shang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102873255","display_name":"Wenji Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8380-9395"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang, Wenji","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138270311","display_name":"Yuchao Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Yuchao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123513093","display_name":"Yugao Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Yugao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138212620","display_name":"Zhiyao Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie, Zhiyao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.3709000051021576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.3709000051021576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.2069000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.09430000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verilog","display_name":"Verilog","score":0.631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.546500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5151000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-equivalence-checking","display_name":"Formal equivalence checking","score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.353300005197525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8148000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779030575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827773","display_name":"Verilog","level":3,"score":0.631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.546500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5151000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96654402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469962","display_name":"Formal equivalence checking","level":3,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42143788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173341","display_name":"Hardware description language","level":3,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159032336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488768","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157922185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173198","display_name":"Logic synthesis","level":3,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.08976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.08976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.652664303779602}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LLM-based":[0,211],"RTL":[1,26],"generation":[2],"and":[3,34,44,46,81,114,133,139,186,206],"reasoning":[4,132],"is":[5,68,192],"a":[6,96],"promising":[7],"direction":[8],"for":[9,18,76,90,203,209,213],"hardware":[10,214],"design":[11],"automation.":[12],"High-quality":[13],"benchmarks":[14,27,66],"are":[15,41,74,87,145,155],"critical":[16],"infrastructure":[17],"tracking":[19],"progress":[20],"in":[21,31],"this":[22],"direction.":[23],"However,":[24],"existing":[25,62,119,197],"face":[28],"inherent":[29],"limitations":[30,101],"both":[32,100],"scale":[33],"task":[35],"scope.":[36],"The":[37,142],"designs":[38,117],"they":[39],"cover":[40],"typically":[42],"small":[43],"simple,":[45],"the":[47,61,150,172],"tasks":[48,128,154],"focus":[49],"almost":[50],"entirely":[51],"on":[52,60,169,178,183,188],"specification-to-RTL":[53,122],"generation.":[54],"Frontier":[55],"models'":[56],"performance":[57],"already":[58],"saturates":[59],"benchmarks.":[63,120,198],"Scaling":[64],"these":[65],"up":[67],"fundamentally":[69],"difficult":[70],"because":[71],"aligned":[72,84],"labels":[73],"required":[75],"benchmarking,":[77],"such":[78],"as":[79],"specifications":[80],"testbenches.":[82,164],"Such":[83],"high-quality":[85],"data":[86],"rarely":[88],"available":[89],"real-world":[91],"designs.":[92],"We":[93,165],"introduce":[94],"RTL-BenchLS,":[95],"large-scale":[97],"benchmark":[98],"addressing":[99],"above.":[102],"It":[103,199],"contains":[104],"over":[105],"10,000":[106],"formally":[107],"verified":[108,156],"Verilog":[109],"designs,":[110],"covering":[111],"substantially":[112,193],"larger":[113],"more":[115,194],"complex":[116],"than":[118,196],"Beyond":[121],"generation,":[123],"we":[124],"propose":[125],"three":[126],"novel":[127],"that":[129],"jointly":[130],"evaluate":[131,166],"generation:":[134],"round-trip":[135,180],"reasoning,":[136,138,181,185],"masked-content":[137,184],"repository-issue":[140,189],"reasoning.":[141],"first":[143],"two":[144],"self-supervised,":[146],"which":[147],"directly":[148],"resolves":[149],"scaling":[151],"bottleneck.":[152],"All":[153],"through":[157],"formal":[158],"equivalence":[159],"checking":[160],"without":[161],"any":[162],"manual":[163],"eight":[167],"LLMs":[168],"RTL-BenchLS.":[170],"Even":[171],"best":[173],"model":[174],"reaches":[175],"only":[176],"23%":[177],"natural-language":[179],"28%":[182],"12%":[187],"fixing.":[190],"RTL-BenchLS":[191],"challenging":[195],"leaves":[200],"ample":[201],"room":[202],"future":[204],"improvement":[205],"offers":[207],"guidance":[208],"developing":[210],"methods":[212],"design.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-10T00:00:00"}