{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164012717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08282","title":"From Validator Selection to Portfolio Collection Optimization in Proof-of-Stake Blockchains","display_name":"From Validator Selection to Portfolio Collection Optimization in Proof-of-Stake Blockchains","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164012717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08282"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.08282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08282","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138208033","display_name":"Jonas Gehrlein","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gehrlein, Jonas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062469834","display_name":"Grzegorz Miebs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-6949"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miebs, Grzegorz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087575449","display_name":"Matteo Brunelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4291-2150"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brunelli, Matteo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114525899","display_name":"Adam Mielniczuk","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mielniczuk, Adam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058649133","display_name":"Mi\u0142osz Kadzi\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-3715"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kadzi\u0144ski, Mi\u0142osz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.7371000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.7371000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.052000001072883606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.02070000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/validator","display_name":"Validator","score":0.614799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio","display_name":"Portfolio","score":0.608299970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5393999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio-optimization","display_name":"Portfolio optimization","score":0.5184999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversification","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.3926999866962433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6830999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35292069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1575458","display_name":"Validator","level":2,"score":0.614799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.608299970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5393999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202655437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7231728","display_name":"Portfolio optimization","level":3,"score":0.5184999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779922397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014755","display_name":"CVAR","level":4,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50817715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79895177","display_name":"Regret","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9725762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072885","display_name":"Modern portfolio theory","level":3,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205706631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2319304","display_name":"Expected utility hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.08282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.08282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.08282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6382416486740112}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,64],"consider":[1],"a":[2,48,66,137,164,169],"problem":[3,133],"arising":[4],"in":[5],"proof-of-stake":[6],"blockchain":[7],"environments,":[8],"where":[9,52],"agents":[10,53],"called":[11],"nominators":[12,38,185],"select":[13],"validators":[14,84],"-":[15],"entities":[16],"responsible":[17],"for":[18],"maintaining":[19],"the":[20,35,79,83,95,99,144,157,160,175,187],"blockchain's":[21],"physical":[22],"infrastructure.":[23],"The":[24,129],"selection":[25,50,73],"process":[26],"is":[27,134],"inherently":[28],"subjective":[29],"and":[30,32,92,94,103,162,191],"multi-criterial":[31],"combines":[33],"with":[34,124,136,167],"fact":[36],"that":[37,155],"commonly":[39],"operate":[40],"through":[41,159],"multiple":[42],"accounts.":[43],"This":[44],"gives":[45],"rise":[46],"to":[47,55,61,70,86,142],"portfolio":[49,90],"problem,":[51],"seek":[54],"distribute":[56],"their":[57],"nominations":[58],"across":[59,106],"accounts":[60],"diversify":[62],"risk.":[63],"propose":[65],"decision":[67],"support":[68,143],"framework":[69],"optimize":[71],"this":[72],"by":[74],"simultaneously":[75],"maximizing":[76],"two":[77],"objectives:":[78],"expected":[80,96],"utility":[81],"of":[82,98],"likely":[85],"be":[87],"allocated,":[88],"representing":[89,101],"quality":[91],"profitability,":[93],"entropy":[97],"allocation,":[100],"diversification":[102],"risk":[104],"mitigation":[105],"stashes.":[107],"Validator":[108],"utilities":[109],"are":[110],"derived":[111],"using":[112],"an":[113,149,179],"original":[114],"active":[115],"preference":[116],"learning":[117],"procedure":[118,154],"based":[119],"on":[120,126],"multi-attribute":[121],"value":[122],"theory,":[123],"emphasis":[125],"top-ranked":[127],"validators.":[128],"resulting":[130],"bi-objective":[131],"optimization":[132,176],"solved":[135],"multi-objective":[138],"evolutionary":[139],"algorithm":[140],"and,":[141],"final":[145],"choice,":[146],"we":[147],"introduce":[148],"interactive":[150],"binary":[151],"search":[152],"navigation":[153],"guides":[156],"nominator":[158],"front":[161],"identifies":[163],"satisfactory":[165],"trade-off":[166],"only":[168],"few":[170],"questions.":[171],"Numerical":[172],"experiments":[173],"examine":[174],"strategies,":[177],"while":[178],"expert":[180],"assessment":[181],"involving":[182],"five":[183],"experienced":[184],"confirms":[186],"approach's":[188],"practical":[189],"relevance":[190],"usefulness.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-10T00:00:00"}
