{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164023999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07591","title":"ResearchClawBench: A Benchmark for End-to-End Autonomous Scientific Research","display_name":"ResearchClawBench: A Benchmark for End-to-End Autonomous Scientific Research","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164023999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07591"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.07591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07591","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138211376","display_name":"Wanghan Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Wanghan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138285433","display_name":"Shuo Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Shuo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003807288","display_name":"Tianlin Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye, Tianlin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138211398","display_name":"Qinglong Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Qinglong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138207481","display_name":"Yixin Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Yixin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101390780","display_name":"Hengjian Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao, Hengjian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138283787","display_name":"Yiheng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yiheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138253030","display_name":"Qi Li (67548)","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-9324"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138268883","display_name":"Kun Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Kun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138277971","display_name":"Sheng Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138222896","display_name":"Shengdu Chai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chai, Shengdu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015454078","display_name":"Fangchen Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1256-2719"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Fangchen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138267101","display_name":"Xiangyu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Xiangyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051083963","display_name":"Zhao Zhangrui","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Zhangrui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006450872","display_name":"Weijie Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4434-1371"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Weijie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138233513","display_name":"Zijie Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo, Zijie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138246435","display_name":"Haoyu Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Koutian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138224580","display_name":"Haoxiang Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Haoyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138210760","display_name":"Lixue Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin, Haoxiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138239412","display_name":"Chaofan Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng, Lixue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138262857","display_name":"Haoxuan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Chaofan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138255276","display_name":"Lu Mi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Haoxuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138209024","display_name":"Xuxuan Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mi, Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138237466","display_name":"Yifan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie, Xuxuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138236164","display_name":"Ruizhe Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Yifan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121120769","display_name":"Zhiwang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Ruizhe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138210945","display_name":"Xingjian Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Zhiwang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138210113","display_name":"Yuhao Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo, Xingjian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138211532","display_name":"Xuming He","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Yuhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363679","display_name":"Shengyuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3015-0662"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Xuming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138202958","display_name":"Xinyu Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Shengyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138251209","display_name":"Jiamin Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gu, Xinyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058203667","display_name":"Mianxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-778X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Jiamin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138267926","display_name":"Chunfeng Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Mianxin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138243853","display_name":"Fenghua Ling","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song, Chunfeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138250201","display_name":"Dongzhan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling, Fenghua","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138255340","display_name":"Shixiang Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Dongzhan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138270633","display_name":"Yuqiang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang, Shixiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138253287","display_name":"Mao Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Yuqiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138205515","display_name":"Peng Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su, Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138252803","display_name":"Siqi Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye, Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138201687","display_name":"Bin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Siqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138210562","display_name":"Xue Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-2994"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Bin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138211159","display_name":"Zhenfei Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138246302","display_name":"Tianfan Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin, Zhenfei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138248893","display_name":"Guangtao Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu, Tianfan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138241887","display_name":"Wanli Ouyang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhai, Guangtao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138209982","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ouyang, Wanli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138243529","display_name":"Lei Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Bo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138215458","display_name":"Wenlong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bai, Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhang, Wenlong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Wenlong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.21330000460147858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.21330000460147858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.14630000293254852,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.09459999948740005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7021999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubric","display_name":"Rubric","score":0.6123999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.557200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5486999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.49880000948905945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7021999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6215999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111640148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847349","display_name":"Rubric","level":2,"score":0.6123999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.557200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5486999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.49880000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984917352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12772819","display_name":"Scientific discovery","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138379479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116876","display_name":"Scientific modelling","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.07591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.07591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AI":[0],"coding":[1],"agents":[2,86],"are":[3],"increasingly":[4],"used":[5],"for":[6,24,77,152],"scientific":[7,27,34,64,144,157],"work,":[8],"but":[9],"their":[10],"end-to-end":[11],"autonomous":[12,26,83,108,156],"research":[13,28,84],"capability":[14],"remains":[15],"difficult":[16],"to":[17],"verify.":[18],"We":[19,80],"present":[20],"ResearchClawBench,":[21],"a":[22,41,88,148],"benchmark":[23],"evaluating":[25],"across":[29],"40":[30],"tasks":[31],"from":[32,103],"10":[33],"domains.":[35],"Each":[36],"task":[37],"is":[38],"grounded":[39],"in":[40,136],"real":[42],"published":[43],"paper,":[44],"provides":[45,147],"related":[46],"literature":[47],"and":[48,51,91,114,142],"raw":[49],"data,":[50],"hides":[52],"the":[53,62,96,106,115],"target":[54,63],"paper":[55],"during":[56],"evaluation.":[57],"Expert-curated":[58],"multimodal":[59],"rubrics":[60],"decompose":[61],"artifacts":[65],"into":[66],"weighted":[67],"criteria,":[68],"enabling":[69],"evaluation":[70,150],"of":[71,127],"target-paper-level":[72],"re-discovery":[73],"while":[74],"leaving":[75],"room":[76],"new":[78],"discovery.":[79],"evaluate":[81],"seven":[82],"(auto-research)":[85],"under":[87],"unified":[89],"protocol":[90,138],"seventeen":[92],"native":[93],"LLMs":[94],"through":[95],"lightweight":[97],"ResearchHarness.":[98],"Current":[99],"systems":[100],"remain":[101],"far":[102],"reliable":[104],"re-discovery:":[105],"strongest":[107,116],"agent,":[109],"Claude":[110],"Code,":[111],"averages":[112,120],"21.5,":[113],"ResearchHarness":[117],"LLM,":[118],"Claude-Opus-4.7,":[119],"20.7,":[121],"with":[122],"an":[123],"LLM":[124],"frontier":[125,151],"mean":[126],"only":[128],"26.5.":[129],"Error":[130],"analysis":[131],"shows":[132],"that":[133],"failures":[134],"concentrate":[135],"experimental":[137],"mismatch,":[139,141],"evidence":[140],"missing":[143],"core.":[145],"ResearchClawBench":[146],"reproducible":[149],"measuring":[153],"progress":[154],"toward":[155],"research.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-10T00:00:00"}