{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163910571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07441","title":"Sycophantic Praise: Evaluating Excessive Praise in Language Models","display_name":"Sycophantic Praise: Evaluating Excessive Praise in Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163910571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07441"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.07441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07441","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119833648","display_name":"Daniel Vennemeyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vennemeyer, Daniel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050393009","display_name":"Phan Anh Duong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-8848"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duong, Phan Anh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015760732","display_name":"Meryl Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-9020"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye, Meryl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138158787","display_name":"Ruihong Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Ruihong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138200740","display_name":"Tianyu Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Tianyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.36309999227523804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.36309999227523804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.1509999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.04580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/praise","display_name":"Praise","score":0.9778000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flattery","display_name":"Flattery","score":0.6967999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-generation","display_name":"Natural language generation","score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.30219998955726624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775868214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208425","display_name":"Praise","level":2,"score":0.9778000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778104771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2918702","display_name":"Flattery","level":2,"score":0.6967999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5641000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778073708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330667","display_name":"Language development","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61123122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281287","display_name":"Politeness","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.07441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.07441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.43956464529037476,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sycophancy":[0],"in":[1,69,82,88],"language":[2],"models":[3],"is":[4,27,49],"typically":[5],"studied":[6],"as":[7,98],"excessive":[8,50],"agreement":[9,70],"or":[10],"validation,":[11],"while":[12],"explicit":[13],"praise":[14,26,48,77,96],"and":[15,55,74,84],"flattery":[16],"have":[17],"received":[18],"comparatively":[19],"little":[20],"attention.":[21],"We":[22,40,59],"argue":[23],"that":[24,32,45,61,75],"sycophantic":[25,76],"a":[28,42,99],"distinct":[29,100],"alignment":[30,101],"problem":[31],"cannot":[33],"be":[34],"reliably":[35],"measured":[36],"using":[37],"current":[38],"methods.":[39],"introduce":[41],"parameterized":[43],"framework":[44,63],"measures":[46],"whether":[47],"relative":[51],"to":[52],"contribution":[53],"quality":[54],"expected":[56],"user":[57],"ability.":[58],"show":[60],"our":[62],"substantially":[64],"outperforms":[65],"generic":[66],"LLM":[67],"judges":[68],"with":[71],"human":[72],"annotations,":[73],"occurs":[78],"far":[79],"more":[80],"frequently":[81],"social":[83],"interpretive":[85],"domains":[86],"than":[87],"objective":[89],"reasoning":[90],"settings.":[91],"Together,":[92],"these":[93],"findings":[94],"position":[95],"calibration":[97],"challenge.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-09T00:00:00"}