{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163928294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07005","title":"The Sound of Malware: A Memory Forensics Approach for Android Malware Analysis via Audio Signals","display_name":"The Sound of Malware: A Memory Forensics Approach for Android Malware Analysis via Audio Signals","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163928294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07005"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.07005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07005","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113242517","display_name":"Silvia Lucia Sanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8269-9777"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanna, Silvia Lucia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138111214","display_name":"Massimo Palozzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Palozzi, Massimo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064107592","display_name":"Leonardo Regano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-5157"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regano, Leonardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011222101","display_name":"Riccardo Lazzeretti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3835-9679"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lazzeretti, Riccardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075367917","display_name":"Giorgio Giacinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-3017"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacinto, Giorgio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7174000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-malware","display_name":"Android malware","score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.527899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzz-testing","display_name":"Fuzz testing","score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bytecode","display_name":"Bytecode","score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-gap","display_name":"Semantic gap","score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3817000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-forensics","display_name":"Digital forensics","score":0.35440000891685486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8468999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7174000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989133298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android malware","level":3,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.527899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111065885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189053","display_name":"Fuzz testing","level":3,"score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779818221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837330","display_name":"Bytecode","level":3,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86034646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474311","display_name":"Semantic gap","level":4,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3817000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781251061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416089","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","level":3,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12186640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815743","display_name":"Memory model","level":3,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63116202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7676227","display_name":"Taint checking","level":3,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.07005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.07005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.07005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6249431371688843,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Android":[0],"malware":[1,78,141],"analysis":[2,84],"is":[3],"currently":[4],"facing":[5],"increasing":[6],"challenges":[7],"in":[8],"achieving":[9],"robust":[10],"classification":[11],"and":[12,29,36,47,97,132,139,153],"detecting":[13],"stealth":[14],"attacks.":[15],"Modern":[16],"threats":[17],"employ":[18],"advanced":[19],"evasion":[20],"strategies":[21],"such":[22,61],"as":[23,62],"code":[24],"obfuscation,":[25],"dynamic":[26,37],"loading,":[27],"packing,":[28],"even":[30],"steganographic":[31],"manipulation":[32],"of":[33,44,51],"traditional":[34],"static":[35,95,151],"features.":[38],"These":[39],"techniques":[40],"reduce":[41],"the":[42,49,83],"effectiveness":[43],"signature-based":[45],"systems":[46],"degrade":[48],"reliability":[50],"Machine":[52],"Learning":[53],"models":[54],"that":[55,81,143],"depend":[56],"on":[57,136],"explicit":[58],"semantic":[59,87],"indicators":[60],"permissions,":[63],"API":[64],"calls,":[65],"or":[66,117],"control-flow":[67],"structures.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"work,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"\\approachname,":[74],"a":[75],"memory":[76,99],"forensics":[77],"detection":[79],"framework":[80],"shifts":[82],"perspective":[85],"from":[86],"program":[88],"modeling":[89],"to":[90,147],"signal-based":[91],"structural":[92,112],"representation.":[93],"Both":[94],"bytecode":[96],"early-execution":[98],"snapshots":[100],"are":[101,123],"transformed":[102],"into":[103],"audio":[104],"waveforms":[105],"through":[106],"direct":[107],"binary-to-waveform":[108],"mapping,":[109],"preserving":[110],"low-level":[111],"patterns":[113],"without":[114],"requiring":[115],"disassembly":[116],"feature":[118],"engineering.":[119],"The":[120],"resulting":[121],"signals":[122],"processed":[124],"using":[125],"handcrafted":[126],"spectral":[127],"descriptors,":[128],"Convolutional":[129],"Neural":[130],"Networks,":[131],"transformer-based":[133],"embeddings.":[134],"Experiments":[135],"CICMalDroid2020":[137],"dataset":[138],"VirusTotal":[140],"demonstrate":[142],"\\approachname":[144],"achieves":[145],"up":[146],"98.0\\%":[148],"accuracy,":[149],"outperforming":[150],"sonification":[152],"competitive":[154],"state-of-the-art":[155],"approaches.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-09T00:00:00"}
