{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163691419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.05750","title":"Three Years of r/ChatGPT: Societal Impact Evaluations from Social Media Data","display_name":"Three Years of r/ChatGPT: Societal Impact Evaluations from Social Media Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163691419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.05750"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.05750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.05750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.05750","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120716628","display_name":"Jessica Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dai, Jessica","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137934822","display_name":"Sean Garcia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garcia, Sean","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137933680","display_name":"Emma Pierson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierson, Emma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012870568","display_name":"Benjamin Recht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-593X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Recht, Benjamin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080772091","display_name":"Nika Haghtalab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-2089"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haghtalab, Nika","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.7483000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.7483000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.10040000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.05660000070929527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6938999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-data","display_name":"Longitudinal data","score":0.48489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-impact","display_name":"Social impact","score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6938999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020672099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Longitudinal data","level":2,"score":0.48489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983815764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551167","display_name":"Social impact","level":3,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111874474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6005872","display_name":"Impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205112559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257735","display_name":"Public engagement","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129653","display_name":"Everyday life","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23213687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301468","display_name":"Consumer behaviour","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.05750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.05750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.05750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.05750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ChatGPT":[0,121,143],"was":[1,10],"launched":[2],"on":[3],"November":[4],"30,":[5],"2022;":[6],"the":[7,31,39,61,98,103,118,164,177],"r/ChatGPT":[8,113],"subreddit":[9],"created":[11],"just":[12],"one":[13],"day":[14],"later.":[15],"Since":[16],"then,":[17],"chatbot-based":[18],"AI":[19,67],"products":[20],"have":[21],"gone":[22],"from":[23],"niche":[24],"proofs-of-concept":[25],"to":[26,81,93,97,154,201],"widely-used":[27],"household":[28],"names.":[29],"However,":[30,133],"ways":[32],"in":[33,86,159,168,179],"which":[34],"adoption":[35],"has":[36],"developed":[37],"among":[38],"public":[40],"remains":[41],"poorly":[42],"understood.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45,196],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"develop":[48],"a":[49,56,78],"framework":[50,92],"for":[51,59,76,83,144],"using":[52,142],"social":[53],"media":[54],"as":[55,122,182,184],"data":[57],"source":[58],"understanding":[60],"societal":[62],"impact":[63],"of":[64,100,107,120,166,195],"widely-adopted":[65],"consumer":[66,125],"products,":[68],"and":[69,73,148,205],"propose":[70],"PuLSE":[71,174],"(Public":[72],"Longitudinal":[74],"Signals":[75],"Evaluation),":[77],"general":[79],"approach":[80],"monitoring":[82],"societally-impactful":[84],"trends":[85],"real":[87],"time.":[88],"We":[89,109,171],"apply":[90],"our":[91,101,134,203],"conduct":[94],"what":[95],"is,":[96],"best":[99],"knowledge,":[102],"first":[104],"longitudinal":[105],"study":[106],"r/ChatGPT.":[108],"find":[110],"that,":[111],"overall,":[112],"posts":[114,140,149],"over":[115],"time":[116],"illustrate":[117],"normalization":[119],"an":[123,129],"everyday":[124],"product":[126],"rather":[127],"than":[128],"exceptional,":[130],"novel":[131],"technology.":[132],"retrospective":[135],"analysis":[136],"also":[137],"finds":[138],"that":[139,173],"about":[141,150],"mental":[145],"health":[146],"support,":[147],"developing":[151],"emotional":[152,180],"attachments":[153],"ChatGPT,":[155],"both":[156],"rise":[157],"steadily":[158],"frequency":[160],"almost":[161],"immediately":[162],"after":[163],"launch":[165],"GPT-4o":[167],"May":[169],"2024.":[170],"show":[172],"can":[175],"detect":[176],"increase":[178],"engagement":[181],"early":[183],"October":[185],"2024":[186],"--":[187],"months":[188],"before":[189],"OpenAI":[190],"made":[191],"any":[192],"(public)":[193],"acknowledgment":[194],"impact.":[197],"An":[198],"interactive":[199],"site":[200],"explore":[202],"results":[204],"methods,":[206],"updated":[207],"daily":[208],"with":[209],"live":[210],"data,":[211],"is":[212],"available":[213],"at":[214],"rchatgpt-pulse.github.io.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-06T00:00:00"}