{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163587491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04632","title":"VentAgent: When LLMs Learn to Breathe -- Multi-Objective Arbitration for ARDS Ventilation","display_name":"VentAgent: When LLMs Learn to Breathe -- Multi-Objective Arbitration for ARDS Ventilation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163587491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04632"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.04632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04632","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090685223","display_name":"Teqi Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9510-8154"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao, Teqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137877816","display_name":"Yuxuan Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu, Yuxuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137904167","display_name":"Xiaoyu Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan, Xiaoyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137828148","display_name":"Shaojie Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Shaojie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111301592","display_name":"Bohao Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lv, Bohao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137914201","display_name":"Yinghui Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Yinghui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137821804","display_name":"Xihe Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiu, Xihe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.4625999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.4625999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.07450000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.05739999935030937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitration","display_name":"Arbitration","score":0.6592000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ards","display_name":"ARDS","score":0.5612999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imitation","display_name":"Imitation","score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-respiratory-distress","display_name":"Acute respiratory distress","score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilation","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160151201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207946","display_name":"Arbitration","level":2,"score":0.6592000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776348555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344873","display_name":"ARDS","level":3,"score":0.5612999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126388530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131737","display_name":"Imitation","level":2,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777080012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","level":2,"score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.47350001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909621147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344873","display_name":"Acute respiratory distress","level":3,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200457457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777120189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780067","display_name":"Triage","level":2,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204806902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2333581","display_name":"Semantic security","level":5,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141983124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188008","display_name":"Respiratory distress","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.04632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.04632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5005433559417725}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mechanical":[0],"ventilation":[1,120],"for":[2,115,200],"Acute":[3],"Respiratory":[4],"Distress":[5],"Syndrome":[6],"(ARDS)":[7],"requires":[8],"balancing":[9],"competing":[10],"physiological":[11,171],"goals,":[12],"including":[13],"oxygenation,":[14],"lung":[15],"protection,":[16],"and":[17,62,86,141,157,179,197],"acid-base":[18],"homeostasis.":[19],"However,":[20],"current":[21],"data-driven":[22],"methods,":[23],"especially":[24],"those":[25],"imitating":[26],"retrospective":[27],"Electronic":[28],"Health":[29],"Records":[30],"(EHR),":[31],"often":[32,87],"suffer":[33],"from":[34,42,154],"imitation":[35],"bias.":[36],"They":[37],"may":[38],"capture":[39],"superficial":[40],"correlations":[41],"inconsistent":[43],"clinical":[44,93,160],"demonstrations,":[45],"such":[46,55],"as":[47,112,122],"associating":[48],"passive":[49],"ventilator":[50],"settings":[51,56],"with":[52,79,91],"survival":[53],"because":[54],"are":[57],"common":[58],"in":[59,105],"stable":[60],"patients,":[61],"thus":[63],"fail":[64],"to":[65,67],"generalize":[66],"volatile":[68],"or":[69],"out-of-distribution":[70],"phenotypes.":[71],"Standard":[72],"Reinforcement":[73],"Learning":[74],"(RL)":[75],"methods":[76],"also":[77],"struggle":[78],"the":[80,145],"adversarial":[81],"trade-offs":[82],"of":[83,149],"critical":[84,201],"care":[85,202],"produce":[88],"opaque":[89],"policies":[90],"limited":[92],"interpretability.":[94],"To":[95],"address":[96],"these":[97],"limitations,":[98],"we":[99],"introduce":[100],"VentAgent,":[101],"a":[102,123,169,193],"hierarchical":[103],"framework":[104],"which":[106],"Large":[107],"Language":[108],"Models":[109],"(LLMs)":[110],"act":[111],"transparent":[113],"arbitrators":[114],"mechanical":[116],"ventilation.":[117],"We":[118],"reformulate":[119],"control":[121,181,186],"dynamic":[124],"Multi-Objective":[125],"Arbitration":[126],"process":[127],"rather":[128],"than":[129],"single-objective":[130],"optimization.":[131],"VentAgent":[132,175],"decomposes":[133],"decision-making":[134],"into":[135,188],"three":[136],"interpretable":[137],"stages:":[138],"Perception,":[139],"Planning,":[140],"Orchestration.":[142],"By":[143],"leveraging":[144],"semantic":[146],"reasoning":[147,190],"capabilities":[148],"LLMs,":[150],"it":[151,184],"synthesizes":[152],"strategies":[153],"heterogeneous":[155],"experts":[156],"resolves":[158],"conflicting":[159],"priorities":[161],"through":[162],"an":[163],"explicit":[164],"coordination":[165],"mechanism.":[166],"Evaluations":[167],"on":[168],"high-fidelity":[170],"simulator":[172],"show":[173],"that":[174],"outperforms":[176],"state-of-the-art":[177],"RL":[178],"classical":[180],"baselines.":[182],"Moreover,":[183],"converts":[185],"decisions":[187],"human-readable":[189],"chains,":[191],"offering":[192],"safer,":[194],"more":[195],"interpretable,":[196],"adaptable":[198],"paradigm":[199],"automation.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-05T00:00:00"}