{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163508262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04537","title":"Enhanced Fluid Index Modulation for Integrated Data and Energy Transfer","display_name":"Enhanced Fluid Index Modulation for Integrated Data and Energy Transfer","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163508262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04537"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.04537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04537","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137904309","display_name":"Long Zhang (315279)","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2979-6545"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Long","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137843234","display_name":"Yizhe Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Yizhe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137856879","display_name":"Halvin Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Halvin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137913305","display_name":"Qiang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Qiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137905742","display_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wong, Kai-Kit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.6398000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.6398000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.16019999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.05400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-descent","display_name":"Coordinate descent","score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157553263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5168004","display_name":"Coordinate descent","level":2,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3802195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640293","display_name":"Fluid power","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927140","display_name":"Block Error Rate","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.04537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.04537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5042884945869446,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrated":[0],"data":[1,87],"and":[2,21,47,85,109,121,135,147],"energy":[3,22],"transfer":[4,23],"(IDET)":[5],"is":[6,98,129],"a":[7,28,41,51,141,162],"promising":[8],"technique":[9],"for":[10],"supporting":[11],"sustainable":[12],"low-power":[13],"wireless":[14],"networks.":[15],"To":[16],"improve":[17],"both":[18],"communication":[19],"reliability":[20],"efficiency,":[24],"this":[25],"paper":[26],"investigates":[27],"fluid":[29,43],"index":[30,70],"modulation":[31,65],"(FIM)":[32],"assisted":[33],"IDET":[34],"system,":[35],"where":[36,131],"the":[37,48,56,64,69,77,102,116,132,158,170],"base":[38],"station":[39],"employs":[40],"two-dimensional":[42],"antenna":[44,72],"system":[45],"(FAS)":[46],"receiver":[49],"adopts":[50],"power-splitting":[52],"architecture.":[53],"In":[54],"FIM,":[55],"information":[57],"bits":[58],"are":[59,89,138],"delivered":[60],"not":[61],"only":[62],"from":[63],"symbols,":[66],"but":[67],"also":[68],"of":[71],"position.":[73],"Under":[74],"finite-alphabet":[75],"signaling,":[76],"average":[78,103],"harvested":[79,104],"power,":[80],"bit":[81],"error":[82],"rate":[83,88,111],"(BER),":[84],"achievable":[86,110],"derived":[90],"in":[91],"closed":[92],"form.":[93],"A":[94],"joint":[95],"optimization":[96,127],"problem":[97],"formulated":[99],"to":[100,107],"maximize":[101],"power":[105,122],"subject":[106],"BER":[108],"constraints":[112],"by":[113],"jointly":[114],"optimizing":[115],"port":[117,136],"selection,":[118],"precoding":[119,133],"vector,":[120],"splitting":[123],"ratio.":[124],"An":[125],"alternating":[126],"framework":[128],"developed,":[130],"vector":[134],"selection":[137],"obtained":[139],"via":[140],"Riemannian":[142],"augmented":[143],"Lagrangian":[144],"method":[145],"(RALM)":[146],"block":[148],"coordinate":[149],"descent":[150],"(BCD)":[151],"algorithm,":[152],"respectively.":[153],"Simulation":[154],"results":[155],"demonstrate":[156],"that":[157],"proposed":[159,171],"scheme":[160],"achieves":[161],"superior":[163],"rate-energy":[164],"trade-off":[165],"over":[166],"benchmark":[167],"schemes,":[168],"while":[169],"algorithm":[172],"attains":[173],"near-optimal":[174],"performance":[175],"with":[176],"significantly":[177],"lower":[178],"complexity":[179],"than":[180],"exhaustive":[181],"search.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-05T00:00:00"}
