{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163548710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04150","title":"Stumbling Into AI Emotional Dependence: How Routine AI Interactions Reshape Human Connection","display_name":"Stumbling Into AI Emotional Dependence: How Routine AI Interactions Reshape Human Connection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163548710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04150"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.04150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04150","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137863103","display_name":"Yaoxi Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Yaoxi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061556449","display_name":"Cathy Mengying Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-7058"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang, Cathy Mengying","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137899497","display_name":"Pattie Maez","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maez, Pattie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137848944","display_name":"Amit Goldenberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goldenberg, Amit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.5375999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.5375999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.2167000025510788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.05530000105500221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safeguarding","display_name":"Safeguarding","score":0.8004000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.7531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-support","display_name":"Emotional support","score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-evidence","display_name":"Empirical evidence","score":0.30410000681877136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097921","display_name":"Safeguarding","level":2,"score":0.8004000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.7531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018916638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752118","display_name":"Emotional support","level":3,"score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143110190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373787","display_name":"Emotional expression","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019207227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10883614","display_name":"Human life","level":3,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174107131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191591","display_name":"Emotional intelligence","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.04150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.04150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.04150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Public":[0],"discourse":[1],"and":[2,35,52,97,109,155,174,191,209],"emerging":[3,32],"policy":[4],"typically":[5],"assume":[6],"that":[7,37,129,167],"AI":[8,48,59,87,108,135,189,206],"emotional":[9,49,60,88,95,103,207],"support":[10,50,61,89,152,208],"is":[11,40,218],"a":[12,15,22,119,144],"deliberate":[13],"act:":[14],"lonely":[16],"user":[17],"consciously":[18],"seeking":[19,151],"comfort":[20],"from":[21,153],"dedicated":[23],"companion":[24,172],"chatbot.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27,38],"paper,":[28],"we":[29],"draw":[30],"on":[31,42,68,171],"empirical":[33],"evidence":[34],"argue":[36],"picture":[39],"inaccurate":[41],"two":[43],"accounts,":[44],"both":[45],"in":[46,124,147,159,196],"how":[47,53,197,202,210],"arises":[51],"it":[54],"shapes":[55],"future":[56,102],"behavior.":[57],"First,":[58],"commonly":[62],"emerges":[63],"incidentally":[64],"within":[65],"task-oriented":[66],"interactions":[67],"general-purpose":[69,188],"platforms,":[70],"much":[71],"as":[72],"workplace":[73],"friendships":[74],"deepen":[75],"through":[76],"collaboration.":[77],"Second,":[78],"these":[79],"incidental":[80],"encounters":[81,212],"are":[82],"path-dependent:":[83],"positive":[84],"experiences":[85],"of":[86],"update":[90],"people's":[91],"beliefs":[92],"about":[93,136],"AI's":[94],"capabilities":[96],"redirect":[98,213],"their":[99],"choices":[100],"for":[101,107,112,150,162],"support,":[104],"increasing":[105],"preference":[106,111,149,161],"decreasing":[110],"humans.":[113],"We":[114],"review":[115],"recent":[116],"evidence,":[117],"including":[118],"large-scale":[120],"longitudinal":[121],"study":[122],"conducted":[123],"collaboration":[125],"with":[126,133],"OpenAI,":[127],"showing":[128],"daily":[130],"five-minute":[131],"conversations":[132],"an":[134,156],"personal":[137],"issues":[138],"over":[139,216],"28":[140],"days":[141],"led":[142],"to":[143,187,220],"10.3%":[145],"decrease":[146],"the":[148,160],"humans":[154],"11.6%":[157],"increase":[158],"AI.":[163],"These":[164],"findings":[165],"suggest":[166],"current":[168],"policy,":[169],"focused":[170],"apps":[173],"isolated":[175],"interactions,":[176],"cannot":[177],"adequately":[178],"protect":[179],"human":[180,214,222],"connection.":[181],"Instead,":[182],"effective":[183],"regulations":[184],"should":[185],"extend":[186],"systems":[190],"address":[192],"cumulative,":[193],"trajectory-level":[194],"changes":[195],"people":[198,203],"seek":[199],"support.":[200],"Recognizing":[201],"stumble":[204],"into":[205],"those":[211],"connections":[215],"time":[217],"essential":[219],"safeguarding":[221],"well-being.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-05T00:00:00"}
